Allen J W, Merlin M D
General Science Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu 96822.
J Ethnopharmacol. 1992 Jan;35(3):205-28. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(92)90020-r.
This paper presents the results of recent ethnomycological exploration in southern Thailand. Field observations, interviews and collection of fungi specimens were carried out primarily on two islands, Koh Samui and Koh Pha-ngan, situated in the western region of the Gulf of Siam. Some fieldwork was also conducted in the northern Thai province of Chiang Dao and in the southern Thai province of Surat Thani. During five separate excursions (1989-90), observations were made of occurrence, harvesting, use, and marketing of psychoactive fungi by local Thai natives (males and females, adults and children), foreign tourists, and German immigrants. The first records of psychoactive Psilocybe subcubensis and Copelandia dung fungi in Thailand are presented in this paper. These fungi exhibited intense bluing reactions when handled, indicating the presence of psilocybin and/or psilocin. Seven collections of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer and/or Psilocybe subcubensis Guzman and four collections of Copelandia sp. were harvested and sun-dried for herbarium deposit. These fungi are cultivated or occur spontaneously, often appearing in the decomposed manure of domesticated water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and at least three different species of cattle (Bos indicus, B. guarus, and B. sundaicus). The psychoactive fungi are cultivated in clandestine plots, both indoors and outdoors, in the uplands and villages on Koh Samui by both Thai natives and some foreigners. The sale of psychoactive fungi directly to tourists and to resort restaurants for use in edible food items such as omelettes and soups is discussed in detail. The preparation and sale of mushroom omelettes adulterated with artificial hallucinogens in some restaurants is also discussed. In addition, the marketing of items such as hand painted T-shirts, post cards, and posters bearing mushroom related motifs in Thailand is described.
本文介绍了泰国南部近期民族真菌学探索的结果。主要在暹罗湾西部地区的苏梅岛和帕岸岛这两个岛屿上进行了实地观察、访谈以及真菌标本采集。在泰国北部的清道府和南部的素叻他尼府也开展了一些实地工作。在1989年至1990年的五次单独考察中，对泰国当地居民（男性和女性、成年人和儿童）、外国游客以及德国移民使用致幻真菌的情况、采摘、用途和销售进行了观察。本文首次记录了泰国的致幻古巴裸盖菇和粪生裸盖菇。这些真菌在处理时会呈现强烈的变蓝反应，表明含有裸盖菇素和/或脱磷酸裸盖菇素。采集了七份古巴裸盖菇（厄尔）辛格和/或近古巴裸盖菇古兹曼标本以及四份粪生裸盖菇属标本，并进行晒干以便存入标本馆。这些真菌是人工栽培的或自然生长的，常出现在家养水牛（水牛属）以及至少三种不同牛种（印度牛、大额牛和爪哇野牛）的粪便中。泰国当地人和一些外国人在苏梅岛的高地和村庄里，在室内和室外的秘密地块中人工栽培致幻真菌。详细讨论了致幻真菌直接出售给游客以及度假村餐厅用于制作煎蛋卷和汤等可食用食品的情况。还讨论了一些餐厅出售掺有人工致幻剂的蘑菇煎蛋卷的情况。此外，还描述了泰国市场上带有蘑菇相关图案的手绘T恤、明信片和海报等物品的销售情况。
