Gartz J, Allen J W, Merlin M D
KAI e. V./WIP Department of Fungal Biotransformation, Leipzig, Germany.
J Ethnopharmacol. 1994 Jul 8;43(2):73-80. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(94)90006-x.
Several specimens of Psilocybe and Copelandia species in Koh Samui, Thailand were recently collected for herbarium deposit and scientific study. This paper presents an ethnomycological and biochemical study of one of the species; P. samuiensis Guzmán, Bandala and Allen, a new psychoactive gill fungus reported from Thailand. Mycelium for the cultivation of P. samuiensis was obtained on 6% malt agar from the spores of a dried specimen. The growth of P. samuiensis was similar to that of P. tampanensis Guzmán and Pollock, but more rapid than the mycelium of P. semilanceata (Fr.:Sacc.) Kumm. Laboratory analyses indicates that the alkaloid content in cultured fruit bodies of P. samuiensis is of the same order of magnitude as that found in naturally occurring mushrooms of this species. HPLC analyses of both naturally occurring and in vitro cultivated fruit bodies of P. samuiensis revealed high concentrations of psilocybin and psilocin. Small amounts of baeocystin were also detected. Psilocybin levels varied from 0.23% up to 0.90%. The psilocybin content was highest in the caps. Psilocybin was also found in the cultured non-bluing mycelia of P. samuiensis and varied from 0.24% to 0.32% dry weight. The relative alkaloidal content of psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin found in P. samuiensis was similar to that measured in many other psychoactive fungi species, but completely different from that found in P. semilanceata.
最近，在泰国苏梅岛采集了几种裸盖菇属和古巴裸盖菇属的标本，用于存入植物标本馆和进行科学研究。本文介绍了其中一个物种——苏梅裸盖菇（学名：Psilocybe samuiensis Guzmán, Bandala and Allen）的民族真菌学和生物化学研究，这是一种新报道的来自泰国的具有精神活性的伞菌。用于苏梅裸盖菇培养的菌丝体是从一份干燥标本的孢子在6%麦芽琼脂上获得的。苏梅裸盖菇的生长与坦潘裸盖菇（学名：Psilocybe tampanensis Guzmán and Pollock）相似，但比半卵形斑褶菇（学名：Psilocybe semilanceata (Fr.:Sacc.) Kumm.）的菌丝体生长更快。实验室分析表明，苏梅裸盖菇培养子实体中的生物碱含量与该物种天然生长的蘑菇中的含量处于同一数量级。对苏梅裸盖菇天然生长和体外培养的子实体进行的高效液相色谱分析显示，含有高浓度的裸盖菇素和脱磷酸裸盖菇素。还检测到少量的裸盖球基丙氨酸。裸盖菇素含量从0.23%到0.90%不等。菌盖中的裸盖菇素含量最高。在苏梅裸盖菇培养的不产蓝菌丝体中也发现了裸盖菇素，干重含量从0.24%到0.32%不等。苏梅裸盖菇中裸盖菇素、脱磷酸裸盖菇素和裸盖球基丙氨酸的相对生物碱含量与许多其他具有精神活性的真菌物种中测得的含量相似，但与半卵形斑褶菇中发现的含量完全不同。
