Baruffi Gigliola, Hardy Charles J, Waslien Carol I, Uyehara Sue J, Krupitsky Dmitry
Department of Public Health Sciences and Epidemiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East West Rd, Biomed C-103, Honolulu, HI 96822-2319, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Nov;104(11):1701-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2004.08.027.
To compare the prevalence of overweight among young children of different ethnic backgrounds and describe the age pattern of overweight in early childhood.
Cross-sectional study of 21,911 children, 12 to 59 months old, participating in the Hawaii Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in 1997-1998. They were grouped in eight ethnic categories. For 1-year-olds we defined overweight as weight-for-age at the 95th percentile or more and underweight as weight-for-age at less than the 10th percentile. For 2- to 4-year-olds overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) at the 95th percentile or more, underweight as BMI less than 10th percentile, tall stature as height-for-age at the 95th percentile or more, and short stature as height-for-age at less than the 10th percentile. The National Center for Health Statistics 2000 growth charts were the reference values. The analysis included bivariate and multivariate methods.
Large differences were found among ethnic groups. Among 1-year-olds, Samoans were the heaviest (17.5% overweight) and Filipinos the lightest (30.2% underweight). Among 2- to 4-year-olds, Samoans were the heaviest (27.0% overweight) and the tallest (16.9% tall), whereas Asians were the lightest (12.2% underweight), and Filipinos the shortest (19.0% short). Hawaiians and Asians also had a high percentage of short children (13.6% and 12.2%, respectively). Prevalence of overweight in all 2- to 4-year-olds was more than the expected 5%, especially for Samoans, Filipinos, Hawaiians, and Asians. At age 2 to 4 years, overweight was almost twice as prevalent as at age 1. Multivariate analysis showed that ethnicity (Samoan) had the strongest independent association with weight-for-age percentile, BMI, and overweight in the two age groups, followed by birth weight.
This is the first study of overweight among children of Asian and Pacific Island backgrounds in Hawaii. It identified important characteristics of growth and will be helpful in the design of appropriate activities to prevent overweight.
比较不同种族背景幼儿超重的患病率，并描述幼儿期超重的年龄模式。
对1997 - 1998年参加夏威夷妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划的21911名12至59个月大的儿童进行横断面研究。他们被分为八个种族类别。对于1岁儿童，超重定义为年龄别体重处于第95百分位或更高，体重不足定义为年龄别体重低于第10百分位。对于2至4岁儿童，超重定义为体重指数（BMI）处于第95百分位或更高，体重不足定义为BMI低于第10百分位，身材高大定义为年龄别身高处于第95百分位或更高，身材矮小定义为年龄别身高低于第10百分位。以美国国家卫生统计中心2000年生长图表作为参考值。分析采用双变量和多变量方法。
不同种族之间存在很大差异。在1岁儿童中，萨摩亚人最重（超重17.5%），菲律宾人最轻（体重不足30.2%）。在2至4岁儿童中，萨摩亚人最重（超重27.0%）且最高（身材高大16.9%），而亚洲人最轻（体重不足12.2%），菲律宾人最矮（身材矮小19.0%）。夏威夷人和亚洲人身材矮小的儿童比例也很高（分别为13.6%和12.2%）。所有2至4岁儿童的超重患病率超过预期的5%，尤其是萨摩亚人、菲律宾人、夏威夷人和亚洲人。在2至4岁时，超重患病率几乎是1岁时的两倍。多变量分析表明，种族（萨摩亚人）在两个年龄组中与年龄别体重百分位、BMI和超重的独立关联最强，其次是出生体重。
这是对夏威夷亚太裔背景儿童超重情况的首次研究。它确定了生长的重要特征，将有助于设计适当的预防超重活动。
