Herzig Volker, Ward Richard John, Dos Santos Wagner Ferreira
Department of Neuropharmacology, Zoological Institute, Faculty of Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
Toxicon. 2004 Nov;44(6):635-40. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.07.020.
Venom-yield and composition of differently sized individuals of the medically most important Brazilian spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891) was analysed. During growth the venom-mass increases according to a fourth order function of the prosoma size, which mainly reflects an increase of the venom gland volume. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed increasing percentages of proteins < or = 17 kDa from 4.1% in the smallest analysed spiders (2-3 months-old) to 79.1% in adult female venom. Additionally, high-pressure liquid-chromatography showed an increase of a single ('main') peak from 4.6 to 64.9%, while the overall number of other major-peaks decreased. Venom from young instars completely lacked lethality in mice up to a dose of 3.28 mg/kg i.v. as compared to a LD(50) of 0.63 mg/kg for adult female or 1.57 mg/kg for adult male venom that we reported previously. In conclusion, ontogenetic changes in venom protein-composition of growing P. nigriventer are suggested to produce increasing lethality in vertebrates.
对巴西医学上最重要的蜘蛛黑腹捕鸟蛛（Phoneutria nigriventer，凯泽林，1891年）不同大小个体的毒液产量和成分进行了分析。在生长过程中，毒液量根据前体大小的四次函数增加，这主要反映了毒腺体积的增加。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示，蛋白质含量≤17 kDa的比例从最小的分析蜘蛛（2至3个月大）的4.1%增加到成年雌蛛毒液中的79.1%。此外，高压液相色谱显示单一（“主要”）峰的比例从4.6%增加到64.9%，而其他主要峰的总数减少。与我们之前报道的成年雌蛛毒液的半数致死剂量（LD50）0.63 mg/kg或成年雄蛛毒液的1.57 mg/kg相比，幼龄若蛛的毒液在静脉注射剂量高达3.28 mg/kg时对小鼠完全没有致死性。总之，黑腹捕鸟蛛生长过程中毒液蛋白质成分的个体发育变化被认为会导致其对脊椎动物的致死性增加。
