Clearfield M W
Department of Psychology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2004 Nov;89(3):214-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2004.07.003.
This research explored infants' use of place learning and cue learning in a locomotor task across the transition from crawling to walking. Novice and expert crawling and walking infants were observed in a novel locomotor task-finding a hidden goal location in a large space. In Experiment 1, infants were tested with distal landmarks. Infants with fewer than 6 weeks of experience, either crawling or walking, could not find the goal location. All infants with more locomotor experience were more successful. Learning did not transfer across the transition to walking. In Experiment 2, novice and expert crawlers and walkers were tested with a direct landmark. Again, novice crawlers and walkers with fewer than 6 weeks of experience could not find the goal, whereas those with more experience could. Taken together, these findings suggest that infants' spatial learning is inextricably linked to mode of locomotion.
本研究探讨了婴儿在从爬行过渡到行走的运动任务中对地点学习和线索学习的运用。在一项新的运动任务中观察了新手和熟练的爬行和行走婴儿，即在一个大空间中找到隐藏的目标位置。在实验1中，婴儿接受了远端地标测试。爬行或行走经验少于6周的婴儿找不到目标位置。所有有更多运动经验的婴儿更成功。学习并没有在向行走的过渡中迁移。在实验2中，新手和熟练的爬行和行走婴儿接受了直接地标测试。同样，经验少于6周的新手爬行和行走婴儿找不到目标，而那些经验更多的婴儿则可以。综合来看，这些发现表明婴儿的空间学习与运动方式有着千丝万缕的联系。
