Bloss Emily, Wainaina Fidelis, Bailey Robert C
School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
J Trop Pediatr. 2004 Oct;50(5):260-70. doi: 10.1093/tropej/50.5.260.
The health and nutritional status of children aged 5 and under was assessed in three villages in Siaya District of western Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 121 adults and 175 children during July 2002. Primary caretakers were interviewed during home visits to assess agricultural and sanitation resources, child feeding practices, and the nutritional status of their children aged 5 years and under. Through anthropometry, the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were determined: 30 per cent were underweight, 47 per cent were stunted, and 7 per cent were wasted. Predictors of undernutrition were analysed using logistic regression controlling for age, sex, and SES, and four major findings emerged. First, children in their second year of life were more likely to be underweight and stunted. Second, children who were introduced to foods early had an increased risk of being underweight. Third, up-to-date vaccinations were protective against stunting, while reports of having upper respiratory infections or other illness in the past month predicted underweight. Finally, living with non-biological parents significantly increased risk of stunting. Emphasis should be placed on current immunization, prolonging exclusive breastfeeding, and improving access to nutrient-rich foods among adopted children and their families via community-based nutrition interventions.
对肯尼亚西部锡亚区三个村庄5岁及以下儿童的健康和营养状况进行了评估。2002年7月，对121名成年人和175名儿童进行了横断面调查。在家庭访视期间，对主要照顾者进行了访谈，以评估农业和卫生资源、儿童喂养方式以及他们5岁及以下子女的营养状况。通过人体测量，确定了体重不足、发育迟缓以及消瘦的患病率：30%的儿童体重不足，47%的儿童发育迟缓，7%的儿童消瘦。使用逻辑回归分析了控制年龄、性别和社会经济地位后的营养不良预测因素，得出了四个主要发现。第一，两岁儿童体重不足和发育迟缓的可能性更大。第二，过早添加辅食的儿童体重不足的风险增加。第三，及时接种疫苗可预防发育迟缓，而过去一个月有上呼吸道感染或其他疾病的报告则预示着体重不足。最后，与非亲生父母生活在一起会显著增加发育迟缓的风险。应通过社区营养干预措施，重点关注当前的免疫接种、延长纯母乳喂养，并改善领养儿童及其家庭获得营养丰富食物的机会。
