Saito Satoru, Baddeley Alan
Department of Cognitive Psychology in Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2004 Oct;57(7):1309-40. doi: 10.1080/02724980343000783.
To explore the relationship between short-term memory and speech production, we developed a speech error induction technique. The technique, which was adapted from a Japanese word game, exposed participants to an auditory distractor word immediately before the utterance of a target word. In Experiment 1, the distractor words that were phonologically similar to the target word led to a greater number of errors in speaking the target than did the dissimilar distractor words. Furthermore, the speech error scores were significantly correlated with memory span scores. In Experiment 2, memory span scores were again correlated with the rate of the speech errors that were induced from the task-irrelevant speech sounds. Experiment 3 showed a strong irrelevant-sound effect in the serial recall of nonwords. The magnitude of the irrelevant-sound effects was not affected by phonological similarity between the to-be-remembered nonwords and the irrelevant-sound materials. Analysis of recall errors in Experiment 3 also suggested that there were no essential differences in recall error patterns between the dissimilar and similar irrelevant-sound conditions. We proposed two different underlying mechanisms in immediate memory, one operating via the phonological short-term memory store and the other via the processes underpinning speech production.
为了探究短期记忆与言语产生之间的关系，我们开发了一种言语错误诱发技术。该技术改编自一款日语文字游戏，在目标词说出之前，让参与者接触一个听觉干扰词。在实验1中，与目标词语音相似的干扰词比不相似的干扰词导致说出目标词时出现更多错误。此外，言语错误分数与记忆广度分数显著相关。在实验2中，记忆广度分数再次与由任务无关语音诱发的言语错误率相关。实验3表明在非词的系列回忆中存在强烈的无关声音效应。无关声音效应的大小不受要记忆的非词与无关声音材料之间语音相似性的影响。对实验3中回忆错误的分析还表明，不同和相似的无关声音条件下的回忆错误模式没有本质区别。我们提出了即时记忆中的两种不同潜在机制，一种通过语音短期记忆存储起作用，另一种通过支持言语产生的过程起作用。
