Livesey Evan J, Boakes Robert A
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Q J Exp Psychol B. 2004 Oct;57(4):361-79. doi: 10.1080/02724990444000005.
Informing participants in a causal judgement task that outcomes are additive can increase blocking effects (Experiment 1). Outcome additivity information emphasizes the fact that the outcome following a compound is the sum of the effects of its elements. We suggest that the effect of providing outcome additivity information is to encourage elemental processing and thereby enhance blocking. Experiment 2 showed that blocking could be enhanced by factors encouraging elemental processing, and Experiment 3 demonstrated that blocking was reduced by manipulating the visual presentation of cues to encourage configural processing. While these experiments do not rule out the role of inference in causal judgement tasks, the results are most parsimoniously explained by associative accounts that allow flexibility in the encoding of compound cues.
在因果判断任务中告知参与者结果是可加性的，这会增强阻断效应（实验1）。结果可加性信息强调了这样一个事实，即复合刺激之后的结果是其各个成分效应的总和。我们认为，提供结果可加性信息的作用在于鼓励对成分进行加工，从而增强阻断效应。实验2表明，鼓励对成分进行加工的因素能够增强阻断效应，实验3则证明，通过操控线索的视觉呈现方式以鼓励进行构型加工，阻断效应会减弱。虽然这些实验并未排除推理在因果判断任务中的作用，但最简洁的解释是，这些结果可以通过联想理论来解释，该理论允许在复合线索的编码上具有灵活性。
