Lees Adrian, Vanrenterghem Jos, De Clercq Dirk
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, Webster Street, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK.
J Biomech. 2004 Dec;37(12):1929-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.021.
This investigation was conducted to examine the various theories that have been proposed to explain the enhancement of jumping performance when using an arm swing compared to when no arm swing is used. Twenty adult males were asked to perform a series of maximal vertical jumps while using an arm swing and again while holding their arms by their sides. Force, motion and electromyographical data were recorded during each performance. Participants jumped higher (0.086 m) in the arm swing compared to the no-arm swing condition and was due to increased height (28%) and velocity (72%) of the center of mass at take-off. The increased height at take-off was due to the elevation of the arm segments. The increased velocity of take-off stemmed from a complex series of events which allowed the arms to build up energy early in the jump and transfer it to the rest of the body during the later stages of the jump. This energy came from the shoulder and elbow joints as well as from extra work done at the hip. This energy was used to (i) increase the kinetic and potential energy of the arms at take-off, (ii) store and release energy from the muscles and tendons around the ankle, knee and hip joint, and (iii) 'pull' on the body through an upward force acting on the trunk at the shoulder. It was concluded that none of the prevailing theories exclusively explains the enhanced performance in the arm swing jump, but rather the enhanced performance is based on several mechanisms operating together.
本研究旨在探讨为解释与不摆臂相比，摆臂时跳跃成绩提高所提出的各种理论。20名成年男性被要求在摆臂时和双臂垂于身体两侧时分别进行一系列最大垂直跳跃。每次跳跃时记录力、运动和肌电图数据。与不摆臂条件相比，参与者在摆臂时跳得更高（0.086米），这是由于起跳时质心高度增加（28%）和速度增加（72%）。起跳时高度增加是由于手臂节段的抬高。起跳速度增加源于一系列复杂的事件，这些事件使手臂在跳跃早期积累能量，并在跳跃后期将其传递到身体其他部位。这种能量来自肩关节和肘关节以及髋部额外做的功。这种能量用于：（i）在起跳时增加手臂的动能和势能；（ii）储存和释放踝关节、膝关节和髋关节周围肌肉和肌腱的能量；（iii）通过作用于肩部躯干的向上力“拉动”身体。研究得出结论，目前没有一种理论能完全解释摆臂跳跃中表现增强的原因，相反，表现增强是基于多种机制共同作用的结果。
