Thibeault Susan L, Merrill Ray M, Roy Nelson, Gray Steven D, Smith Elaine M
Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 2004 Nov;14(10):786-92. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.03.004.
This study was designed to determine the occupational risk factors associated with voice disorders among schoolteachers, a high-risk population for developing voice problems.
Telephone interviews were completed by 1243 teachers from Utah and Iowa. Response rates were 98% and 95%, respectively. Bivariate analyses were computed and assessed using chi-square test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, and logistic regression analyses were performed and resulting odds ratios assessed using 95% confidence intervals.
Teachers of vocal music, drama, other performing arts and chemistry were at significantly greater risk of having a voice disorder (OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.0; OR=2.1, 95% CI: 0.9-4.8; OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.4; OR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.4), while teachers of special and vocational education had a significantly lower risk (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.7; OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9). When adjusted for the intensity of vocalization, only teachers of chemistry were significantly at risk (OR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.5) while teachers of special education continued to have less of a risk (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.4-0.8). Chronic voice disorders were more prevalent among teachers of vocal music (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 2.2-7.9) and less prevalent among teachers of vocational education (OR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.09-0.95).
These findings suggest that teachers of specific courses are at greater risk of developing a voice disorder.
本研究旨在确定与嗓音障碍相关的职业风险因素，教师是嗓音问题的高危人群。
来自犹他州和爱荷华州的1243名教师完成了电话访谈。回复率分别为98%和95%。使用卡方检验和 Cochr an - Mantel - Haenszel检验进行双变量分析并评估，进行逻辑回归分析，并使用95%置信区间评估所得的优势比。
声乐、戏剧、其他表演艺术和化学教师出现嗓音障碍的风险显著更高（优势比=2.2，95%置信区间：1.2 - 4.0；优势比=2.1，95%置信区间：0.9 - 4.8；优势比=1.6，95%置信区间：1.0 - 2.4；优势比=2.0，95%置信区间：1.1 - 3.4），而特殊教育和职业教育教师的风险显著较低（优势比=0.5，95%置信区间：0.3 - 0.7；优势比=0.6，95%置信区间：0.4 - 0.9）。在调整发声强度后，只有化学教师有显著风险（优势比=2.0，95%置信区间：1.1 - 3.5），而特殊教育教师的风险仍然较低（优势比=0.5，95%置信区间：0.4 - 0.8）。慢性嗓音障碍在声乐教师中更为普遍（优势比=4.1，95%置信区间：2.2 - 7.9），在职业教育教师中则不太普遍（优势比=0.29，95%置信区间：0.09 - 0.95）。
这些发现表明特定课程的教师患嗓音障碍的风险更高。
