Livingstone M B E, Robson P J, Wallace J M W
Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2004 Oct;92 Suppl 2:S213-22. doi: 10.1079/bjn20041169.
Studies of food habits and dietary intakes face a number of unique respondent and observer considerations at different stages from early childhood to late adolescence. Despite this, intakes have often been reported as if valid, and the interpretation of links between intake and health has been based, often erroneously, on the assumption of validity. However, validation studies of energy intake data have led to the widespread recognition that much of the dietary data on children and adolescents is prone to reporting error, mostly through under-reporting. Reporting error is influenced by body weight status and does not occur systematically across different age groups or different dietary survey techniques. It appears that the available methods for assessing the dietary intakes of children are, at best, able to provide unbiased estimates of energy intake only at the group level, while the food intake data of most adolescents are particularly prone to reporting error at both the group and the individual level. Moreover, evidence for the existence of subject-specific responding in dietary assessments challenges the assumption that repeated measurements of dietary intake will eventually obtain valid data. Only limited progress has been made in understanding the variables associated with misreporting in these age groups, the associated biases in estimating nutrient intakes and the most appropriate way to interpret unrepresentative dietary data. Until these issues are better understood, researchers should exercise considerable caution when evaluating all such data.
从幼儿期到青少年晚期的不同阶段，饮食习惯和饮食摄入量的研究面临着一些独特的被调查者和观察者方面的考量因素。尽管如此，摄入量的报告往往被视为有效，而且摄入量与健康之间联系的解读常常错误地基于有效性的假设。然而，能量摄入数据的验证研究已使人们广泛认识到，儿童和青少年的许多饮食数据容易出现报告误差，主要是通过少报。报告误差受体重状况影响，且不会在不同年龄组或不同饮食调查技术中系统地出现。似乎现有的评估儿童饮食摄入量的方法充其量只能在群体层面提供无偏差的能量摄入估计值，而大多数青少年的食物摄入数据在群体和个体层面都特别容易出现报告误差。此外，饮食评估中存在个体特异性反应的证据对重复测量饮食摄入量最终将获得有效数据这一假设提出了挑战。在理解与这些年龄组误报相关的变量、估计营养素摄入量时的相关偏差以及解释不具代表性的饮食数据的最合适方法方面，仅取得了有限的进展。在更好地理解这些问题之前，研究人员在评估所有此类数据时应格外谨慎。
