Campbell Polly, Schneider Christopher J, Adnan Adura M, Zubaid Akbar, Kunz Thomas H
Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004 Dec;33(3):764-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.019.
Taxonomic relationships within the Old World fruit bat genus, Cynopterus, have been equivocal for the better part of a century. While nomenclature has been revised multiple times on the basis of phenotypic characters, evolutionary relationships among taxa representing the entire geographic range of the genus have not been determined. We used mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships among the three most broadly distributed members of the genus: C. brachyotis, C. horsfieldi, and C. sphinx, and to assess whether C. brachyotis represents a single widespread species, or a complex of distinct lineages. Results clearly indicate that C. brachyotis is a complex of lineages. C. sphinx and C. horsfieldi haplotypes formed monophyletic groups nested within the C. brachyotis species complex. We identified six divergent mitochondrial lineages that are currently referred to C. brachyotis. Lineages from India, Myanmar, Sulawesi, and the Philippines are geographically well-defined, while in Malaysia two lineages, designated Sunda and Forest, are broadly sympatric and may be ecologically distinct. Demographic analyses of the Sunda and Forest lineages suggest strikingly different population histories, including a recent and rapid range expansion in the Sunda lineage, possibly associated with changes in sea levels during the Pleistocene. The resolution of the taxonomic issues raised in this study awaits combined analysis of morphometric characters and molecular data. However, since both the Indian and Malaysian Forest C. brachyotis lineages are apparently ecologically restricted to increasingly fragmented forest habitat, we suggest that reevaluation of the conservation status of populations in these regions should be an immediate goal.
在长达一个世纪的大部分时间里，旧大陆果蝠属（Cynopterus）内部的分类关系一直不明确。虽然基于表型特征对命名法进行了多次修订，但代表该属整个地理分布范围的分类单元之间的进化关系尚未确定。我们利用线粒体DNA序列数据来推断该属三个分布最广泛的成员之间的系统发育关系：短耳犬蝠（C. brachyotis）、霍氏犬蝠（C. horsfieldi）和棕犬蝠（C. sphinx），并评估短耳犬蝠是代表一个单一的广布物种，还是一个由不同谱系组成的复合体。结果清楚地表明，短耳犬蝠是一个谱系复合体。棕犬蝠和霍氏犬蝠的单倍型形成了嵌套在短耳犬蝠物种复合体内的单系群。我们识别出了目前归为短耳犬蝠的六个不同的线粒体谱系。来自印度、缅甸、苏拉威西岛和菲律宾的谱系在地理上界定明确，而在马来西亚，有两个谱系，即巽他谱系和森林谱系，广泛同域分布，可能在生态上有所不同。对巽他谱系和森林谱系的种群动态分析表明它们有着截然不同的种群历史，包括巽他谱系近期的快速范围扩张，这可能与更新世期间海平面的变化有关。本研究中提出的分类学问题的解决有待对形态测量特征和分子数据进行综合分析。然而，由于印度和马来西亚森林中的短耳犬蝠谱系在生态上显然都局限于日益破碎化的森林栖息地，我们建议立即对这些地区种群的保护状况进行重新评估。
