Campbell Polly, Schneider Christopher J, Adnan Adura M, Zubaid Akbar, Kunz Thomas H
Boston University, Department of Biology, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2006 Jan;15(1):29-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02769.x.
The extent to which response to environmental change is mediated by species-specific ecology is an important aspect of the population histories of tropical taxa. During the Pleistocene glacial cycles and associated sea level fluctuations, the Sunda region in Southeast Asia experienced concurrent changes in landmass area and the ratio of forest to open habitat, providing an ideal setting to test the expectation that habitat associations played an important role in determining species' response to the opportunity for geographic expansion. We used mitochondrial control region sequences and six microsatellite loci to compare the phylogeographic structure and demographic histories of four broadly sympatric species of Old World fruit bats in the genus, Cynopterus. Two forest-associated species and two open-habitat generalists were sampled along a latitudinal transect in Singapore, peninsular Malaysia, and southern Thailand. Contrary to expectations based on habitat associations, the geographic scale of population structure was not concordant across ecologically similar species. We found evidence for long and relatively stable demographic history in one forest and one open-habitat species, and inferred non-coincident demographic expansions in the second forest and open-habitat species. Thus, while these results indicate that Pleistocene climate change did not have a single effect on population structure across species, a correlation between habitat association and response to environmental change was supported in only two of four species. We conclude that interactions between multiple factors, including historical and contemporary environmental change, species-specific ecology and interspecific interactions, have shaped the recent evolutionary histories of Cynopterus fruit bats in Southeast Asia.
物种特异性生态对环境变化响应的介导程度是热带分类群种群历史的一个重要方面。在更新世冰川周期及相关海平面波动期间，东南亚的巽他地区陆地面积以及森林与开阔栖息地的比例同时发生变化，这为检验栖息地关联在决定物种对地理扩张机会的响应中发挥重要作用这一预期提供了理想环境。我们使用线粒体控制区序列和六个微卫星位点，比较了犬蝠属四种广泛同域分布的旧大陆果蝠的系统地理学结构和种群历史。在新加坡、马来西亚半岛和泰国南部沿纬度断面采集了两种与森林相关的物种和两种开阔栖息地泛化种的样本。与基于栖息地关联的预期相反，生态相似物种的种群结构地理尺度并不一致。我们发现一种森林物种和一种开阔栖息地物种存在长期且相对稳定的种群历史证据，并推断出第二种森林物种和开阔栖息地物种的种群扩张并非同时发生。因此，虽然这些结果表明更新世气候变化对不同物种的种群结构并非产生单一影响，但在四个物种中只有两个物种支持栖息地关联与对环境变化的响应之间存在相关性。我们得出结论，包括历史和当代环境变化、物种特异性生态以及种间相互作用在内的多种因素之间的相互作用，塑造了东南亚犬蝠属果蝠最近的进化历史。
