Cuervo Ana Maria
Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2004 Aug;263(1-2):55-72.
Different mechanisms lead to the degradation of intracellular proteins in the lysosomal compartment. Activation of one autophagic pathway or another, under specific cellular conditions, plays an important role in the ability of the cell to adapt to environmental changes. Each form of autophagy has its own individual characteristics, but it also shares common steps and components with the others. This interdependence of the autophagic pathways confers to the lysosomal system, both specificity and flexibility on substrate degradation. We describe in this review some of the recent findings on the molecular basis and regulation for each of the different autophagic pathways. We also discuss the cellular consequences of their interdependent function. Malfunctioning of the autophagic systems has dramatic consequences, especially in non-dividing differentiated cells. Using the heart as an example of such cells, we analyze the relevance of autophagy in aging and cell death, as well as in different pathological conditions.
不同的机制导致溶酶体区室中细胞内蛋白质的降解。在特定的细胞条件下，一种或另一种自噬途径的激活在细胞适应环境变化的能力中起着重要作用。每种自噬形式都有其独特的特征，但也与其他形式共享共同的步骤和成分。自噬途径的这种相互依赖性赋予溶酶体系统在底物降解方面的特异性和灵活性。在本综述中，我们描述了一些关于不同自噬途径各自的分子基础和调控的最新发现。我们还讨论了它们相互依赖功能的细胞后果。自噬系统功能失调会产生巨大影响，尤其是在不分裂的分化细胞中。以心脏作为这类细胞的例子，我们分析了自噬在衰老、细胞死亡以及不同病理状况中的相关性。
