Rosa Luiz Pinguelli, Faber Jean
Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, CT, COPPE, University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2004 Sep;70(3 Pt 1):031902. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.031902. Epub 2004 Sep 15.
Quantum models of the mind associate consciousness with coherent superposition of states in the brain. Some authors consider consciousness to be the result of a kind of internal quantum measurement process in the brain. In this paper we discuss the ideas of Hameroff-Penrose and Tegmark and their calculation for an estimate of decoherence time. We criticize the Hameroff-Penrose model in the context of a quantum brain model by gravitational collapse orchestrated objective reduction (OOR), assumed by Penrose, and we propose instead that the decoherence process is caused by interaction with the environment. We consider it useful to exploit this possibility because of the growing importance of the decoherence theory in quantum measurement, and also because quantum mechanics can be applied to brain study independently of the Hameroff-Penrose model for mind and consciousness. Our conclusion is that the Hameroff-Penrose model is not compatible with decoherence, but nevertheless the quantum brain can still be considered if we replace gravitational collapse OOR with decoherence. However, our result does not agree with Tegmark's conclusion of refuting not only the Hameroff-Penrose gravitational collapse but also the quantum brain, based on decoherence time calculations in specific cases in the brain. In spite of this fact we also disagree with some points of the response to Tegmark's article given by Hagan, Hameroff, and Tuszynski.
心智的量子模型将意识与大脑中状态的相干叠加联系起来。一些作者认为意识是大脑中一种内部量子测量过程的结果。在本文中，我们讨论了哈梅罗夫 - 彭罗斯和泰格马克的观点以及他们对退相干时间估计的计算。我们在由彭罗斯假定的通过引力坍缩精心安排的客观还原（OOR）的量子大脑模型背景下批评了哈梅罗夫 - 彭罗斯模型，并且我们转而提出退相干过程是由与环境的相互作用引起的。考虑到退相干理论在量子测量中日益增长的重要性，以及量子力学可以独立于哈梅罗夫 - 彭罗斯的心智与意识模型应用于大脑研究，我们认为利用这种可能性是有用的。我们的结论是哈梅罗夫 - 彭罗斯模型与退相干不兼容，但是如果我们用退相干取代引力坍缩OOR，量子大脑仍然可以被考虑。然而，我们的结果与泰格马克基于大脑中特定案例的退相干时间计算得出的不仅反驳哈梅罗夫 - 彭罗斯引力坍缩而且反驳量子大脑的结论不一致。尽管如此，我们也不同意哈根、哈梅罗夫和图申斯基对泰格马克文章的回应中的一些观点。
