Characteristics of participation in cervical cancer screening.

Although Papanicolaou test screening rates are reportedly high, a significant proportion of women remain unscreened. With recent revision of Papanicolaou test guidelines, it is critical that interventions and programs for cervical cancer directed toward low participating groups or individuals be developed. The purpose of the study was to examine factors that influence participation in cervical cancer screening by quantifying characteristics of women who engage in Papanicolaou test screening in a 12-month period. Using the 2000 National Health Interview Survey and Cancer Topical Module, the sample (N = 18,388) consisted of women who were older than 18 years. The dependent variable was nominally identified as whether a woman had had a Papanicolaou test in the last 12 months. Independent variables examined were insurance, level of education, place for care, age, race, employment, place of residence, and income level. Using logistic regression, all variables except race and income level were found to be significant for participation in cervical cancer screening (P < .000). Each variable is discussed within the framework of the Institute of Medicine model of access to personal healthcare services. Study findings provide insight and guidance for the development and implementation of methods for accessing women who have lower participation rates.