MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004 Nov 5;53(43):1015-8.
Since the 1991 adoption of a comprehensive strategy to eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in the United States, the incidence of acute hepatitis B cases has declined steadily. Declines have been greatest among children born after the 1991 recommendations for universal infant hepatitis B vaccination were implemented. In 1995, the elimination strategy was expanded to include routine vaccination of all adolescents aged 11-12 years and, in 1999, to include children aged < or =18 years who had not been vaccinated previously. To describe the epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in children and adolescents in the United States, CDC analyzed notifiable disease surveillance data collected during 1990-2002 and data collected during 2001-2002 through enhanced surveillance of reported cases of acute hepatitis B in children born after 1990. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that the rate of acute hepatitis B in children and adolescents decreased 89% during 1990-2002 and that racial disparities in hepatitis B incidence have narrowed. Many confirmed cases in persons born after 1990 occurred among international adoptees and other children born outside the United States. Continued implementation of the hepatitis B elimination strategy and accurate surveillance data to monitor the impact of vaccination are necessary to sustain the decline of acute hepatitis B among children.
自1991年美国通过一项消除乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）传播的综合战略以来，急性乙型肝炎病例的发病率稳步下降。在1991年普遍为婴儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗的建议实施后出生的儿童中，发病率下降幅度最大。1995年，消除战略扩大到包括对所有11至12岁青少年进行常规疫苗接种，1999年又扩大到包括以前未接种过疫苗的18岁及以下儿童。为描述美国儿童和青少年急性乙型肝炎流行病学特征，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了1990 - 2002年期间收集的法定传染病监测数据，以及通过加强对1990年后出生儿童急性乙型肝炎报告病例监测在2001 - 2002年期间收集的数据。本报告总结了该分析结果，结果表明1990 - 2002年期间儿童和青少年急性乙型肝炎发病率下降了89%，且乙型肝炎发病率的种族差异已经缩小。1990年后出生人群中的许多确诊病例发生在国际收养儿童和其他在美国境外出生的儿童中。持续实施乙型肝炎消除战略并利用准确的监测数据来监测疫苗接种的影响，对于维持儿童急性乙型肝炎发病率的下降是必要的。
