Atkinson G, Wilson D, Eubank M
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
Int J Sports Med. 2004 Nov;25(8):611-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-815715.
Previous research work on the ergogenic effects of music has mainly involved constant power tests to exhaustion as dependent variables. Time trials are more externally valid than constant power tests, may be more reliable and allow the distribution of self-selected work-rate to be explored. We examined whether music improved starting, finishing and/or overall power during a 10-km cycling time trial, and whether heart rate and subjective responses to this time trial were altered by music. Sixteen participants performed two 10-km time trials on a Cybex cycle ergometer with, and without, the presence of a form of dance music known as "trance" (tempo = 142 beats x min (-1), volume at ear = 87 dB). Participants also completed the Brunel music rating inventory (BMRI) after each time trial in the music condition. The mean +/- SD time to complete the time trial was 1030 +/- 79 s in the music condition compared to 1052 +/- 77 s without music (95 % CI of difference = 10 to 34 s, p = 0.001). Nevertheless, ratings of perceived exertion were consistently (0.8 units) higher throughout the time trial with music (p < 0.0005). The interaction between distance and condition was significant for cycling speed measured during the time trial (p = 0.007). The largest music-induced increases in cycling speed and heart rate were observed in the first 3 km of the time trial. After completion of the BMRI, participants rated the "tempo" and "rhythm" of the music as more motivating than the "harmony" and "melody" aspects. These results suggest that music improves cycling speed mostly in the first few minutes of a 10-km time trial. In contrast to the findings of previous research, which suggested that music lowers perceived exertion at a constant work-rate, the participants in our time trials selected higher work-rates with music, whilst at the same time perceived these work-rates as being harder than without music.
以往关于音乐增强运动能力效果的研究主要涉及以持续功率测试至疲劳作为因变量。计时赛比持续功率测试在外部效度上更高，可能更可靠，并且能够探究自行选择的工作强度分布情况。我们研究了在10公里自行车计时赛中，音乐是否能提高起跑、冲刺和/或整体功率，以及音乐是否会改变心率和对此次计时赛的主观反应。16名参与者在赛百斯自行车测力计上进行了两次10公里计时赛，一次有被称为“迷幻舞曲”的一种舞蹈音乐（节奏 = 每分钟142拍，耳边音量 = 87分贝），另一次没有。每次在有音乐的情况下完成计时赛后，参与者还完成了布鲁内尔音乐评分量表（BMRI）。在有音乐的情况下完成计时赛的平均时间±标准差为1030 ± 79秒，而没有音乐时为1052 ± 77秒（差异的95%置信区间 = 10至34秒，p = 0.001）。然而，在整个有音乐的计时赛过程中，主观用力感觉评分始终高出（0.8个单位）（p < 0.0005）。在计时赛期间测量的骑行速度方面，距离和条件之间的交互作用显著（p = 0.007）。在计时赛的前3公里观察到音乐引起的骑行速度和心率增加幅度最大。完成BMRI后，参与者认为音乐的“节奏”和“韵律”比“和声”和“旋律”方面更具激励性。这些结果表明，在10公里计时赛的最初几分钟内，音乐大多能提高骑行速度。与之前研究结果相反，之前的研究表明音乐在恒定工作强度下会降低主观用力感觉，而我们计时赛中的参与者在有音乐时选择了更高的工作强度，同时认为这些工作强度比没有音乐时更费力。
