Paul Yash
A-D-7, Devi Marg, Bani Park, Jaipur 202016, India.
Vaccine. 2004 Oct 22;22(31-32):4144-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.032.
In 1988, the World Health Assembly passed resolution WHA 41.28, which committed the World Health Organization (WHO) to the global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. In spite of the combined efforts by UNICEF, National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP), Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) and Rotary International, Polio Free India is still a distant dream. Though oral polio vaccine has succeeded in polio eradication from many countries but there is high incidence of vaccine failure in India. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) has failed to provide full protection to many children who have developed paralytic polio even after taking 10 or more doses of OPV. In some children, OPV has caused paralysis-vaccine associated paralytic polio (VAPP). Number of children developing polio due to vaccine is high and on increase. Reasons for this could be that even immunocompromised children are being administered OPVbecause IPV is not available. Vaccine failure has exaggerated the problem of VAPP. No efforts have been made to find the causes for high incidence of vaccine failure and VAPP.
1988年，世界卫生大会通过了第WHA 41.28号决议，该决议要求世界卫生组织（WHO）在2000年前在全球根除脊髓灰质炎。尽管联合国儿童基金会、国家脊髓灰质炎监测项目（NPSP）、印度儿科学会（IAP）和国际扶轮社共同努力，但印度消灭脊髓灰质炎仍是一个遥远的梦想。虽然口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗已在许多国家成功实现脊髓灰质炎的根除，但在印度疫苗失败的发生率很高。口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）未能为许多儿童提供充分保护，这些儿童即使服用了10剂或更多剂OPV后仍患上了麻痹性脊髓灰质炎。在一些儿童中，OPV导致了疫苗相关麻痹性脊髓灰质炎（VAPP）。因疫苗而患脊髓灰质炎的儿童数量众多且呈上升趋势。原因可能是由于无法获得灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV），即使是免疫功能低下的儿童也在接种OPV。疫苗失败加剧了VAPP的问题。尚未有人努力寻找疫苗失败和VAPP高发生率的原因。
