Banks Siobhan, Catcheside Peter, Lack Leon, Grunstein Ron R, McEvoy R Doug
Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6021, USA.
Sleep. 2004 Sep 15;27(6):1063-7. doi: 10.1093/sleep/27.6.1063.
Partial sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption are a common combination, particularly among young drivers. We hypothesized that while low blood alcohol concentration (<0.05 g/dL) may not significantly increase crash risk, the combination of partial sleep deprivation and low blood alcohol concentration would cause significant performance impairment.
Experimental
Sleep Disorders Unit Laboratory
20 healthy volunteers (mean age 22.8 years; 9 men).
Subjects underwent driving simulator testing at 1 am on 2 nights a week apart. On the night preceding simulator testing, subjects were partially sleep deprived (5 hours in bed). Alcohol consumption (2-3 standard alcohol drinks over 2 hours) was randomized to 1 of the 2 test nights, and blood alcohol concentrations were estimated using a calibrated Breathalyzer. During the driving task subjects were monitored continuously with electroencephalography for sleep episodes and were prompted every 4.5 minutes for answers to 2 perception scales-performance and crash risk.
Mean blood alcohol concentration on the alcohol night was 0.035 +/- 0.015 g/dL. Compared with conditions during partial sleep deprivation alone, subjects had more microsleeps, impaired driving simulator performance, and poorer ability to predict crash risk in the combined partial sleep deprivation and alcohol condition. Women predicted crash risk more accurately than did men in the partial sleep deprivation condition, but neither men nor women predicted the risk accurately in the sleep deprivation plus alcohol condition.
Alcohol at legal blood alcohol concentrations appears to increase sleepiness and impair performance and the detection of crash risk following partial sleep deprivation. When partially sleep deprived, women appear to be either more perceptive of increased crash risk or more willing to admit to their driving limitations than are men. Alcohol eliminated this behavioral difference.
部分睡眠剥夺与饮酒是一种常见的组合情况，在年轻驾驶员中尤为常见。我们假设，虽然低血液酒精浓度（<0.05 g/dL）可能不会显著增加撞车风险，但部分睡眠剥夺与低血液酒精浓度的组合会导致显著的性能损害。
实验性研究
睡眠障碍科实验室
20名健康志愿者（平均年龄22.8岁；9名男性）。
受试者在每周相隔一晚的凌晨1点接受驾驶模拟器测试。在模拟器测试前一晚，受试者进行部分睡眠剥夺（卧床5小时）。饮酒（2小时内饮用2 - 3标准酒精饮料）被随机分配到两个测试夜晚中的一个，使用校准的呼气酒精含量探测器估算血液酒精浓度。在驾驶任务期间，通过脑电图持续监测受试者的睡眠发作情况，并每4.5分钟提示受试者回答两个感知量表——性能和撞车风险。
饮酒当晚的平均血液酒精浓度为0.035 +/- 0.015 g/dL。与仅部分睡眠剥夺的情况相比，在部分睡眠剥夺与饮酒组合的情况下，受试者出现更多微睡眠，驾驶模拟器性能受损，预测撞车风险的能力更差。在部分睡眠剥夺情况下，女性比男性更准确地预测撞车风险，但在睡眠剥夺加饮酒情况下，男性和女性都不能准确预测风险。
法定血液酒精浓度的酒精似乎会增加困倦感，损害性能以及部分睡眠剥夺后的撞车风险检测能力。当处于部分睡眠剥夺状态时，女性似乎比男性更能察觉到撞车风险增加，或者更愿意承认自己的驾驶限制。酒精消除了这种行为差异。
