Blustein Jan, Chan Sewin, Guanais Frederico C
Wagner Ggraduate School, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
Health Serv Res. 2004 Dec;39(6 Pt 1):1671-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00312.x.
To determine whether caregiving grandparents are at an increased risk for depressive symptoms.
National sample (n=10,293) of grandparents aged 53-63 years in 1994, and their spouse/partners, who took part in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).
Grandparents were surveyed in 1994 and resurveyed every two years thereafter, through 2000. Over that period, 977 had a grandchild move in or out of their home. These grandparents served as their own controls to assess the impact of having a grandchild in the home. Data Extraction. Depressive symptoms were measured using an abbreviated form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, scored 1-8, with a score > or =4 associated with depression "caseness".
At the time of the 1994 interview, 8.2 percent of grandparents had a grandchild in their home. However, there was substantial variation across demographic groups (e.g., 29.4 percent of single nonwhite grandmothers, but only 2.0 percent of single white grandfathers had a grandchild in residence). The impact of having a grandchild in the home varied by grandparent demographic group, with single grandparents and those without coresident adult children experiencing the greatest probability of elevation in depressive symptoms when a grandchild was in residence. For example, single nonwhite grandmothers experienced an 8 percentage point increase in the probability of having a CES-D score > or =4 when a grandchild was in their home, compared to when a grandchild was not in their home, controlling for changes in health care, income, and household composition over time (95 percent CI=0.1 to 15.0 percentage points).
Grandparents have a greater probability of elevated depressive symptoms when a grandchild is in their home, versus when a grandchild is not in their home. Single women of color bear a disproportionate burden of the depression associated with caring for grandchildren. Since an increasing number of grandparents function as a de facto safety net keeping their grandchildren out of formal foster care, identifying strategies to support the health and well-being of caregiving grandparents is an emerging priority.
确定照顾孙辈的祖父母出现抑郁症状的风险是否增加。
1994年对年龄在53 - 63岁的祖父母及其配偶/伴侣进行的全国抽样调查（n = 10293），这些人参与了健康与退休研究（HRS）。
1994年对祖父母进行了调查，此后每两年重新调查一次，直至2000年。在此期间，977名祖父母家中有孙辈搬入或搬出。这些祖父母作为自身对照，以评估家中有孙辈的影响。数据提取。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES - D）的简化版测量抑郁症状，得分范围为1 - 8分，得分≥4分与抑郁“病例”相关。
在1994年访谈时，8.2%的祖父母家中有孙辈。然而，不同人口群体之间存在很大差异（例如，29.4%的单身非白人祖母家中有孙辈，但只有2.0%的单身白人祖父家中有孙辈）。家中有孙辈的影响因祖父母人口群体而异，单身祖父母以及没有同住成年子女的祖父母在孙辈同住时出现抑郁症状加重的可能性最大。例如，在控制了随时间变化的医疗保健、收入和家庭构成因素后，单身非白人祖母家中有孙辈时，CES - D得分≥4分的概率比家中没有孙辈时增加了8个百分点（95%置信区间 = 0.1至15.0个百分点）。
与家中没有孙辈时相比，祖父母家中有孙辈时出现抑郁症状加重的可能性更大。有色人种单身女性在照顾孙辈相关的抑郁负担中占比过高。由于越来越多祖父母实际上充当了安全网，使孙辈无需进入正规寄养机构，确定支持照顾孙辈的祖父母健康和幸福的策略已成为一个新的优先事项。
