Kent Michael L, Whipps Christopher M, Matthews Jennifer L, Florio Daniela, Watral Virginia, Bishop-Stewart Janell K, Poort Melanie, Bermudez Luiz
Center for Fish Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;138(3):383-90. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2004.08.005.
The Zebrafish International Resource Center was established to support the zebrafish research community, and includes a diagnostic service. One of the most common diseases that we have diagnosed is mycobacteriosis, which represented 18% of the diagnostic cases submitted from November 1999 to June 2003. We describe here the severity of the disease and associated pathological changes of 24 diagnostic cases from 14 laboratories. Identifications of the bacteria are provided for seven of these cases. For two cases in which culture of the organism was not successful, these identifications were based on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis obtained directly from infected tissues. Biochemical characteristics and rDNA sequence analysis from cultures are reported for the other isolates. Two severe outbreaks from different facilities on different continents were associated with an organism identified as Mycobacterium haemophilum based on rDNA sequence from tissues. Another severe outbreak was associated with an organism most closely related to Mycobacterium peregrinum. These species are recognized pathogens of humans, but this is the first report of them from fish. Bacteria identified as Mycobacterium chelonae or M. abscessus were recovered from fish in cases categorized as moderate disease or as an incidental finding. These findings indicate that species of Mycobacterium previously undescribed from fish (i.e., M. haemophilum and M. peregrinum) may pose significant health problems in zebrafish research facilities, whereas species and strains that are already recognized as common in fish usually cause limited disease on a population basis in zebrafish.
斑马鱼国际资源中心的设立旨在支持斑马鱼研究群体，它还提供诊断服务。我们诊断出的最常见疾病之一是分枝杆菌病，在1999年11月至2003年6月提交的诊断病例中，该病占18%。我们在此描述了来自14个实验室的24例诊断病例的疾病严重程度及相关病理变化。其中7例病例提供了细菌鉴定结果。对于两例未能成功培养出该生物体的病例，这些鉴定是基于直接从受感染组织获得的核糖体DNA（rDNA）序列分析。报告了其他分离株的培养物的生化特征和rDNA序列分析。根据组织的rDNA序列，来自不同大陆不同设施的两次严重疫情与一种被鉴定为嗜血性分枝杆菌的生物体有关。另一次严重疫情与一种与龟分枝杆菌关系最为密切的生物体有关。这些物种是公认的人类病原体，但这是首次在鱼类中发现它们的报告。在归类为中度疾病或偶然发现的病例中，从鱼类中分离出了被鉴定为龟分枝杆菌或脓肿分枝杆菌的细菌。这些发现表明，以前未在鱼类中描述过的分枝杆菌物种（即嗜血性分枝杆菌和龟分枝杆菌）可能在斑马鱼研究设施中引发重大健康问题，而在鱼类中已被公认为常见的物种和菌株通常在斑马鱼群体中引起的疾病有限。
