Messing Karen
CINBIOSE, Université du Québec à Montréal.
Can J Appl Physiol. 2004 Oct;29(5):639-56. doi: 10.1139/h04-041.
The North American work force is still highly sex-segregated, with most members of each sex in jobs composed primarily of workers of the same sex. This division is accentuated when jobs involve physical demands. Women have traditionally been assigned to tasks whose physical demands are considered to be light. Nevertheless, these tasks can have biological effects, sometimes serious. Phenomena related to physical demands of women's work can be considered in three categories: (a) musculoskeletal and cardiovascular demands of tasks often assigned to women in factories and service work; (b) sex- and gender-specific effects of toxic substances found in the workplace; and (c) interactions between work and the domestic responsibilities of many women. These phenomena are described, using examples recently gathered from workplaces. Effects of biological sex are distinguished, as far as possible, from effects of gender (social roles).
北美劳动力市场仍然存在高度的性别隔离，每个性别的大多数成员都从事主要由同性工人组成的工作。当工作涉及体力要求时，这种分工就更加明显。传统上，女性被分配到体力要求被认为较轻的任务。然而，这些任务可能会产生生理影响，有时甚至很严重。与女性工作的体力要求相关的现象可以分为三类：(a) 工厂和服务工作中经常分配给女性的任务的肌肉骨骼和心血管要求；(b) 工作场所中发现的有毒物质的性别特异性影响；(c) 工作与许多女性家庭责任之间的相互作用。本文使用最近从工作场所收集的例子对这些现象进行了描述。尽可能区分生物性别的影响和性别（社会角色）的影响。
