Nuti A, Ceravolo R, Dell'Agnello G, Gambaccini G, Bellini G, Kiferle L, Rossi C, Logi C, Bonuccelli U
Neurology Unit, Versilia Hospital, Camaiore 55043, Italy.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2004 Dec;10(8):481-5. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.01.008.
To date the aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown although both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors appear to play an important role in the development of the disease. Recent data have also indicated that chronic exposure to a common pesticide can reproduce the neurochemical, behavioral and neuropathological features of PD. The epidemiological studies previously carried on the prevalence of PD in population exposed to environmental factors have produced controversial results, probably because of different trial design and different analysis methods. A case-control retrospective study was conducted in a well-defined geographic area in Tuscany-Italy with the aim to identify environmental factors possibly related to PD. No significant difference between PD patients and control subjects was observed in time spent in rural or industrial residence, in well water drinking and in the exposure to herbicides and pesticides. A significant difference between patients with PD and controls was reported for cigarette smoking, controls resulting more likely cigarette smokers in comparison with PD patients. The present findings support the view of a protective effect of cigarette smoking and do not show any significant association between environmental factors and the risk of development of PD.
迄今为止，帕金森病（PD）的病因尚不清楚，尽管遗传易感性和环境因素在该疾病的发展过程中似乎都起着重要作用。最近的数据还表明，长期接触一种常见的杀虫剂可重现帕金森病的神经化学、行为和神经病理学特征。先前针对接触环境因素人群中帕金森病患病率开展的流行病学研究产生了有争议的结果，这可能是由于试验设计和分析方法不同所致。在意大利托斯卡纳一个明确界定的地理区域进行了一项病例对照回顾性研究，旨在确定可能与帕金森病相关的环境因素。在农村或工业居住地居住的时间、饮用井水以及接触除草剂和杀虫剂方面，未观察到帕金森病患者与对照受试者之间存在显著差异。据报告，帕金森病患者与对照者在吸烟方面存在显著差异，与帕金森病患者相比，对照者吸烟的可能性更大。目前的研究结果支持吸烟具有保护作用的观点，并且未显示环境因素与帕金森病发病风险之间存在任何显著关联。
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