Overman W, Bachevalier J, Turner M, Peuster A
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington 28403-3297.
Behav Neurosci. 1992 Feb;106(1):15-29. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.106.1.15.
Human infants (12-32 months old) and adults learned a delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS) task and single- and multiple-pair discrimination tasks using nonverbal procedures previously used with monkeys. Infants learned discriminations rapidly and at a young age (12 months), but they required prolonged training and maturation before learning the DNMS task. Adults learned all tasks rapidly. After learning the DNMS task to criterion, memory performance declined systematically in an inverse relation to age. The dissociation in ability of infants on the DNMS versus discrimination tasks closely resembles the dissociation previously reported with infant monkeys (Bachevalier & Mishkin, 1984). Results from both infant humans and monkeys support a neurocognitive maturational model.
人类婴儿（12至32个月大）和成年人通过先前用于猴子的非语言程序学习了延迟非匹配样本（DNMS）任务以及单对和多对辨别任务。婴儿在年幼时（12个月）就能快速学习辨别，但在学习DNMS任务之前，他们需要长时间的训练和成熟过程。成年人能快速学会所有任务。在将DNMS任务学习到标准后，记忆表现会随着年龄的增长呈系统性下降。婴儿在DNMS任务与辨别任务上能力的分离与先前报道的幼猴情况极为相似（巴谢瓦利埃和米什金，1984年）。人类婴儿和猴子的研究结果均支持神经认知成熟模型。
