Pancharoen Chitsanu, Ananworanich Jintanat, Thisyakorn Usa
Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
Curr HIV Res. 2004 Oct;2(4):293-9. doi: 10.2174/1570162043351084.
Immunization is an important measure to protect HIV-infected children and adults against certain vaccine preventable diseases. However, the antibody response, which is associated with the level of CD4+ T cell count, is frequently impaired in this group of patients. Certain vaccines enhance virus replication and transiently increase HIV viral load. Theoretically, vaccination should be given before the immune status of the patients is suppressed. Inactivated vaccines are generally safe and are beneficial for HIV-infected patients. These vaccines should be administered at appropriate age recommended for immunocompetent individuals. Live vaccines should be used with caution since some of the vaccines may be harmful to patients with severe immunologic suppression. Recommendations for immunization in HIV-infected patients may differ from country to country, depending on the availability and affordability of each vaccine, and the prevalence of each preventable disease. Vaccine trial in HIV-infected patients is needed in order to establish the most appropriate vaccine recommendation for this group of patients.
免疫接种是保护感染艾滋病毒的儿童和成人免受某些疫苗可预防疾病侵害的重要措施。然而，与CD4 + T细胞计数水平相关的抗体反应在这组患者中经常受损。某些疫苗会增强病毒复制并短暂增加艾滋病毒载量。理论上，应在患者免疫状态被抑制之前进行疫苗接种。灭活疫苗一般是安全的，对感染艾滋病毒的患者有益。这些疫苗应按照针对免疫功能正常个体推荐的适当年龄进行接种。使用活疫苗时应谨慎，因为某些疫苗可能对严重免疫抑制的患者有害。针对感染艾滋病毒患者的免疫接种建议可能因国家而异，这取决于每种疫苗的可获得性和可承受性，以及每种可预防疾病的流行情况。为了为这组患者制定最合适的疫苗接种建议，需要在感染艾滋病毒的患者中进行疫苗试验。
