Zwald N R, Weigel K A, Chang Y M, Welper R D, Clay J S
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Dairy Science, Madison, 53706, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2004 Dec;87(12):4287-94. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73573-0.
The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of genetic selection for health traits in dairy cattle using data recorded in on-farm herd management software programs. Data regarding displaced abomasum (DA), ketosis (KET), mastitis (MAST), lameness (LAME), cystic ovaries (CYST), and metritis (MET) were collected between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2003 in herds using Dairy Comp 305, DHI-Plus, or PCDART herd management software programs. All herds in this study were either participants in the Alta Genetics (Watertown, WI) Advantage progeny testing program or customers of the Dairy Records Management Systems (Raleigh, NC) processing center. Minimum lactation incidence rates were applied to ensure adequate reporting of these disorders within individual herds. After editing, DA, KET, MAST, LAME, CYST, and MET data from 75,252 (313), 52,898 (250), 105,029 (429), 50,611 (212), 65,080 (340), and 97,318 (418) cows (herds) remained for analysis. Average lactation incidence rates were 0.03, 0.10, 0.20, 0.10, 0.08, and 0.21 for DA, KET, MAST, LAME, CYST, and MET (including retained placenta), respectively. Data for each disorder were analyzed separately using a threshold sire model that included a fixed parity effect and random sire and herd-year-season of calving effects; both first lactation and all lactation analyses were carried out. Heritability estimates from first lactation (all lactation) analyses were 0.18 (0.15) for DA, 0.11 (0.06) for KET, 0.10 (0.09) for MAST, 0.07 (0.06) for LAME, 0.08 (0.05) for CYST, and 0.08 (0.07) for MET. Corresponding heritability estimates for the pooled incidence rate of all diseases between calving and 50 d postpartum were 0.12 and 0.10 for the first and all lactation analyses, respectively. Mean differences in PTA for probability of disease between the 10 best and 10 worst sires were 0.034 for DA, 0.069 for KET, 0.130 for MAST, 0.054 for LAME, 0.039 for CYST, and 0.120 for MET. Based on the results of this study, it appears that genetic selection against common health disorders using data from on-farm recording systems is possible.
本研究的目的是利用农场畜群管理软件程序中记录的数据，确定奶牛健康性状基因选择的可行性。2001年1月1日至2003年12月31日期间，使用Dairy Comp 305、DHI-Plus或PCDART畜群管理软件程序，在各畜群中收集了有关真胃移位（DA）、酮病（KET）、乳腺炎（MAST）、跛行（LAME）、卵巢囊肿（CYST）和子宫炎（MET）的数据。本研究中的所有畜群均为阿尔塔遗传学公司（威斯康星州沃特敦）优势后代测试项目的参与者，或乳品记录管理系统（北卡罗来纳州罗利）处理中心的客户。应用最低泌乳发病率以确保各畜群中这些疾病有足够的报告。经过编辑后，分别保留了来自75252头（313个畜群）、52898头（250个畜群）、105029头（429个畜群）、50611头（212个畜群）、65080头（340个畜群）和97318头（418个畜群）奶牛的DA、KET、MAST、LAME、CYST和MET数据用于分析。DA、KET、MAST、LAME、CYST和MET（包括胎盘滞留）的平均泌乳发病率分别为0.03、0.10、0.20、0.10、0.08和0.21。使用阈值 sire 模型分别对每种疾病的数据进行分析，该模型包括固定的胎次效应以及随机的 sire 和产犊畜群-年份-季节效应；同时进行了头胎泌乳期和所有泌乳期的分析。头胎泌乳期（所有泌乳期）分析得出的遗传力估计值分别为：DA为0.18（0.15）、KET为0.11（0.06）、MAST为0.10（0.09）、LAME为0.07（0.06）、CYST为0.08（0.05）、MET为0.08（0.07）。头胎泌乳期和所有泌乳期分析中，产犊至产后50天所有疾病合并发病率的相应遗传力估计值分别为0.12和0.10。10头最佳公牛和10头最差公牛在疾病发生概率的净效益指数（PTA）上的平均差异，DA为0.034、KET为0.069、MAST为0.130、LAME为0.054、CYST为0.039、MET为0.120。基于本研究结果，利用农场记录系统中的数据对常见健康疾病进行基因选择似乎是可行的。
