Kinetic analysis of the oxidative conversion of the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster of FNR to a [2Fe-2S]2+ Cluster.

The ability of FNR to sense and respond to cellular O(2) levels depends on its 4Fe-4S cluster. In the presence of O(2), the 4Fe-4S cluster is converted to a 2Fe-2S cluster, which inactivates FNR as a transcriptional regulator. In this study, we demonstrate that approximately 2 Fe(2+) ions are released from the reaction of O(2) with the 4Fe-4S cluster. Fe(2+) release was then used as an assay of reaction progress to investigate the rate of 4Fe-4S to 2Fe-2S cluster conversion in vitro. We also found that there was no detectable difference in the rate of O(2)-induced cluster conversion for FNR free in solution compared to its DNA-bound form. In addition, the rate of FNR inactivation was monitored in vivo by measuring the rate at which transcriptional regulation by FNR is lost upon the exposure of cells to O(2); a comparison of the in vitro and in vivo rates of conversion suggests that O(2)-induced cluster conversion is sufficient to explain FNR inactivation in cells. FNR protein levels were also compared for cells grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.