Archer S L, Greenlund K J, Valdez R, Casper M L, Rith-Najarian S, Croft J B
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2004 Dec;7(8):1025-32. doi: 10.1079/PHN2004639.
To examine differences in food habits among Native Americans with and without diabetes.
A cross-sectional epidemiological study in which participants underwent a physical examination and answered an extensive interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess differences in food servings, preparation and eating habits.
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Participants aged >/=25 years were randomly selected from three reservations in Minnesota and Wisconsin. There were 990 persons without diabetes, 294 with a prior diagnosis of diabetes, and 80 with fasting glucose >125 mg dl(-1) but no prior diabetes diagnosis.
Persons with prior diabetes diagnosis were less likely than those without diabetes to report eating fast-food meals two or more times per week, eat visible fat on meat or the skin on poultry, eat fried chicken or fried fish, to add fat to cooked vegetables and drink whole milk. Persons with previously undiagnosed diabetes were more likely than previously diagnosed persons to report eating fast-food meals two or more times per week, eat visible fat on meat and the skin on poultry, drink whole milk and eat fried fish, but were less likely to drink low-fat milk. Previously undiagnosed persons were more likely than either diagnosed persons or persons without diabetes to consume lard from cooked foods and use it when cooking.
Persons with diagnosed diabetes showed healthier eating patterns than those without diabetes, while undiagnosed persons showed some less favourable patterns. Because virtually all persons with diabetes in these communities receive nutrition education, the results suggest that nutrition education programmes for diabetics may be associated with healthier eating patterns.
研究患糖尿病和未患糖尿病的美国原住民在饮食习惯上的差异。
一项横断面流行病学研究，参与者接受体格检查，并回答一份由访谈者主导的详尽问卷，以评估食物摄入量、食物制备及饮食习惯方面的差异。
地点/参与者：年龄≥25岁的参与者从明尼苏达州和威斯康星州的三个保留地中随机选取。其中990人未患糖尿病，294人先前被诊断患有糖尿病，80人空腹血糖>125mg/dl(-1)但先前未被诊断为糖尿病。
与未患糖尿病者相比，先前被诊断患有糖尿病的人每周吃两次或更多次快餐、吃带可见脂肪的肉或禽类皮、吃炸鸡或炸鱼、在烹饪蔬菜时添加脂肪以及喝全脂牛奶的可能性更低。先前未被诊断出糖尿病的人比先前被诊断出的人更有可能每周吃两次或更多次快餐、吃带可见脂肪的肉和禽类皮、喝全脂牛奶以及吃炸鱼，但喝低脂牛奶的可能性更低。与已诊断出糖尿病的人和未患糖尿病的人相比，先前未被诊断出糖尿病的人更有可能食用烹饪食物中的猪油并在烹饪时使用它。
已诊断出糖尿病的人比未患糖尿病的人表现出更健康的饮食模式，而未被诊断出糖尿病的人则表现出一些不太健康的模式。由于这些社区中几乎所有糖尿病患者都接受了营养教育，研究结果表明糖尿病患者的营养教育项目可能与更健康的饮食模式相关。
