In silico approaches for predicting ADME properties of drugs.

Combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening have increased the possibility of finding new lead compounds at much shorter time periods than conventional medicinal chemistry. However, too much promising drug candidates often fail because of unsatisfactory ADME properties. In silico ADME studies are expected to reduce the risk of late-stage attrition of drug development and to optimize screening and testing by looking at only the promising compounds. To this end, many in silico approaches for predicting ADME properties of compounds from their chemical structure have been developed, ranging from data-based approaches such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), similarity searches, and 3-dimensional QSAR, to structure-based methods such as ligand-protein docking and pharmacophore modelling. In addition, several methods of integrating ADME properties to predict pharmacokinetics at the organ or body level have been studied. In this article, we briefly summarize in silico ADME approaches.