Alpar H Oya, Somavarapu S, Atuah K N, Bramwell V W
University of London, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005 Jan 10;57(3):411-30. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2004.09.004.
Biodegradable polymer and particulate carriers have been shown to be of considerable potential for the delivery of peptides, proteins and DNA in animal models. In the context of vaccine delivery to the upper and lower respiratory tracts, the use of mucoadhesive agents offers a strategy for the facilitation of increased residence time and increased vaccine efficacy. Additional concerns addressed here include the potential of uptake of vaccine formulations by the primary olfactory nerves in the nasal cavity, effective delivery to the lung, strategies to maximise the immunopotentiation of candidate vaccine formulations, as well as the evaluation of animal models and interpretation of engendered immune responses in terms of antigen-specific antibody production. Experimental data are presented that demonstrate the potential of muco- and bioadhesive agents in combination with liposomes for intranasal (i.n.) delivery of tetanus toxoid in mice. A delivery system utilising chitosan for the formulation of microspheres by the spray-drying method is described and assessed for intranasal vaccine delivery, and porous particles with potential for pulmonary administration are also outlined.
在动物模型中，可生物降解的聚合物和微粒载体已显示出在递送肽、蛋白质和DNA方面具有相当大的潜力。在上、下呼吸道疫苗递送的背景下，使用粘膜粘附剂提供了一种增加停留时间和提高疫苗效力的策略。这里讨论的其他问题包括鼻腔中初级嗅觉神经摄取疫苗制剂的可能性、有效递送至肺部、使候选疫苗制剂的免疫增强最大化的策略，以及动物模型的评估和根据抗原特异性抗体产生对所引发的免疫反应的解释。本文给出了实验数据，证明了粘膜和生物粘附剂与脂质体联合用于小鼠鼻内递送破伤风类毒素的潜力。描述并评估了一种利用壳聚糖通过喷雾干燥法制备微球用于鼻内疫苗递送的递送系统，还概述了具有肺部给药潜力的多孔颗粒。
