Pearse Martin J, Drane Debbie
Research and Development, CSL Limited, 45 Poplar Road, Parkville 3052, Australia.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005 Jan 10;57(3):465-74. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2004.09.006.
The immunostimulating complex, referred to as 'iscom', was first described by Morein et al. in 1984 as a novel structure for antigenic presentation of membrane proteins from enveloped viruses with potent immunomodulatory capability . Since this discovery, many vaccines have been tested in animal models showing the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses . The ISCOMATRIX adjuvant is essentially the same structure as the iscom but without the incorporated antigen . Antigens can be formulated with the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant to produce ISCOMATRIX vaccines that can provide the same antigen presentation and immunomodulatory properties as the iscom but with much broader application as they are not limited to hydrophobic membrane proteins. Various ISCOMATRIX vaccines have been tested in animal models and more recently in human clinical trials . These studies have shown that the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant is safe and induces both humoral and cellular immune responses. The ability of the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant to induce these broad immune responses is due to the combination of antigen presentation by both MHC class I and class II pathways, and the powerful immunomodulatory capability of the saponin. Additionally, the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant is simple to manufacture and can be combined with a wide range of antigens making it suitable for the development of novel human vaccines.
免疫刺激复合物，简称为“iscom”，于1984年由莫林等人首次描述，是一种用于包膜病毒膜蛋白抗原呈递的新型结构，具有强大的免疫调节能力。自这一发现以来，许多疫苗已在动物模型中进行测试，显示出能诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。ISCOMATRIX佐剂本质上与iscom结构相同，但不含结合的抗原。抗原可与ISCOMATRIX佐剂配制，制成ISCOMATRIX疫苗，该疫苗能提供与iscom相同的抗原呈递和免疫调节特性，但应用范围更广，因为它们不限于疏水膜蛋白。多种ISCOMATRIX疫苗已在动物模型中进行测试，最近也在人体临床试验中进行了测试。这些研究表明，ISCOMATRIX佐剂是安全的，能诱导体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。ISCOMATRIX佐剂诱导这些广泛免疫反应的能力归因于MHC I类和II类途径的抗原呈递以及皂苷强大的免疫调节能力的结合。此外，ISCOMATRIX佐剂易于制造，可与多种抗原结合，使其适用于新型人类疫苗的开发。
