College of Intelligent Agriculture, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Aug 12;22(1):480. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02758-0.
Biomaterials are substances that can be injected, implanted, or applied to the surface of tissues in biomedical applications and have the ability to interact with biological systems to initiate therapeutic responses. Biomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems possess robust packaging capabilities, enabling sustained and localized drug release at the target site. Throughout the vaccine delivery process, they can contribute to protecting, stabilizing, and guiding the immunogen while also serving as adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the contributions of biomaterials to the advancement of vaccine development. We begin by categorizing biomaterial types and properties, detailing their reprocessing strategies, and exploring several common delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microneedles. Additionally, we investigated how the physicochemical properties and delivery routes of biomaterials influence immune responses. Notably, we delve into the design considerations of biomaterials as vaccine adjuvants, showcasing their application in vaccine development for cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, influenza, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tuberculosis, malaria, and hepatitis B. Throughout this review, we highlight successful instances where biomaterials have enhanced vaccine efficacy and discuss the limitations and future directions of biomaterials in vaccine delivery and immunotherapy. This review aims to offer researchers a comprehensive understanding of the application of biomaterials in vaccine development and stimulate further progress in related fields.
生物材料是指可在生物医学应用中注射、植入或应用于组织表面，并能与生物系统相互作用以引发治疗反应的物质。基于生物材料的疫苗输送系统具有强大的封装能力，能够在靶位持续且局部释放药物。在疫苗输送过程中，它们可以保护、稳定和引导免疫原，同时还可以作为佐剂来增强疫苗的疗效。本文全面综述了生物材料在疫苗开发中的贡献。我们首先对生物材料的类型和特性进行分类，详细介绍它们的再加工策略，并探讨几种常见的输送系统，如聚合物纳米颗粒、脂质纳米颗粒、水凝胶和微针。此外，我们研究了生物材料的物理化学性质和输送途径如何影响免疫反应。值得注意的是，我们深入探讨了生物材料作为疫苗佐剂的设计考虑因素，展示了它们在癌症、获得性免疫缺陷综合征、流感、新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）、结核病、疟疾和乙型肝炎疫苗开发中的应用。在本综述中，我们强调了生物材料在增强疫苗疗效方面的成功实例，并讨论了生物材料在疫苗输送和免疫治疗中的局限性和未来方向。本综述旨在为研究人员提供对生物材料在疫苗开发中应用的全面理解，并激发相关领域的进一步进展。
