Wich S A, Utami-Atmoko S S, Setia T Mitra, Rijksen H D, Schürmann C, van Hooff J A R A M, van Schaik C P
Utrecht University, Behavioural Biology, P.O. Box 80086, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Hum Evol. 2004 Dec;47(6):385-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.08.006.
We present life history data on wild Sumatran orangutans gleaned from a 32-year and a 5.5-year study. Estimated age at first reproduction was 15.4 years. At 9.3 years, the average interbirth interval for this population is the longest ever recorded for any great ape population, significantly longer than that of a Bornean orangutan population. We find that age-specific mortality of Sumatran orangutans does not differ between sexes and is significantly lower than that of wild chimpanzees. We conclude that orangutan life history is the slowest among extant great apes. In accordance with their slow life history, longevity in the wild is estimated to be at least 58 years for males and at least 53 for females. We find no evidence for menopause. These data suggest that compared to the ancestral state, humans have undergone less of an increase in longevity than commonly assumed, and have experienced selection on earlier cessation of reproduction.
我们展示了从一项为期32年和一项为期5.5年的研究中收集到的野生苏门答腊猩猩的生活史数据。首次繁殖的估计年龄为15.4岁。在9.3岁时，该种群的平均产仔间隔是有史以来所有大型猿类种群中记录到的最长的，显著长于婆罗洲猩猩种群。我们发现，苏门答腊猩猩的年龄特异性死亡率在两性之间没有差异，且显著低于野生黑猩猩。我们得出结论，猩猩的生活史是现存大型猿类中最缓慢的。根据它们缓慢的生活史，野生环境中雄性的寿命估计至少为58岁，雌性至少为53岁。我们没有发现更年期的证据。这些数据表明，与祖先状态相比，人类寿命的增加幅度比通常认为的要小，并且在更早停止繁殖方面经历了选择。
