Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoological Park & Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, USA.
Am J Primatol. 2021 Sep;83(9):e23315. doi: 10.1002/ajp.23315. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
This study was designed to (1) characterize the macronutrient composition of olive baboon (Papio anubis) milk, (2) compare baboon milk composition to that of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and (3) evaluate the association between the proportion of milk energy derived from protein and relative growth rate within anthropoid primates. A single milk sample was collected from each of eight lactating olive baboons ranging between 47- and 129-days postparturition and six rhesus macaques from 15- to 92-days living at the same institution under identical management conditions. Macronutrient composition (water, fat, protein sugar, and ash) was determined using standard techniques developed at the Nutrition Laboratory at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Baboon milk on average contained 86.0% ± 0.6% water, 4.7% ± 0.5% fat, 1.6% ± 0.04% protein, 7.3% ± 0.07% sugar, and 0.165% ± 0.007% ash. Baboon milk gross energy (GE) averaged 0.81 ± 0.04 kcal/g with 51.9% ± 2.6% from fat, 11.8% ± 0.7% from protein, and 36.2% ± 2.0% from sugar. Baboon milk demonstrated strong similarity to milk composition of the closely phylogenetically related rhesus macaque (86.1% ± 0.3% water, 4.1% ± 0.4% fat, 1.69% ± 0.05% protein, 7.71% ± 0.08% sugar, 0.19% ± 0.01% ash, and 0.78 kcal/g). There was no statistical difference between baboon and macaque milk in the proportions of energy from fat, sugar, and protein. Baboon milk can be described as a high sugar, moderate fat, and low protein milk with moderate energy density, which is consistent with their lactation strategy characterized by frequent, on-demand nursing and relatively slow life history compared to nonprimate mammal taxa. The milk energy from protein of both baboon and macaque (12.8% ± 0.3%) milk was intermediate between the protein milk energy of platyrrhine (19.3%-23.2%) and hominoid (8.9%-12.6%) primates, consistent with their relative growth rates also being intermediate. Compared to these cercopithecid monkeys, platyrrhine primates have both higher relative growth rates and higher milk energy from protein, while apes tend to be lower in both.
(1) 描述狒狒（Papio anubis）奶的宏量营养素组成；(2) 将狒狒奶的组成与猕猴（Macaca mulatta）进行比较；(3) 评估灵长类动物中蛋白质来源的奶能量比例与相对生长率之间的关系。在同一机构中，从 8 只处于产后 47-129 天的哺乳期狒狒和 6 只处于 15-92 天哺乳期的猕猴中各采集了一个单独的奶样，在相同的管理条件下进行研究。使用在史密森尼国家动物园营养实验室开发的标准技术确定宏量营养素组成（水、脂肪、蛋白质、糖和灰分）。狒狒奶平均含有 86.0%±0.6%的水、4.7%±0.5%的脂肪、1.6%±0.04%的蛋白质、7.3%±0.07%的糖和 0.165%±0.007%的灰分。狒狒奶的总能量（GE）平均为 0.81±0.04 千卡/克，其中 51.9%±2.6%来自脂肪、11.8%±0.7%来自蛋白质、36.2%±2.0%来自糖。狒狒奶与亲缘关系密切的猕猴的奶组成非常相似（86.1%±0.3%的水、4.1%±0.4%的脂肪、1.69%±0.05%的蛋白质、7.71%±0.08%的糖、0.19%±0.01%的灰分和 0.78 千卡/克）。狒狒奶和猕猴奶中脂肪、糖和蛋白质提供的能量比例没有统计学差异。狒狒奶可以被描述为一种高糖、中脂肪、低蛋白的奶，能量密度适中，这与它们的哺乳策略一致，即频繁按需哺乳，以及与非灵长类哺乳动物相比相对缓慢的生活史。狒狒和猕猴奶中的蛋白质来源的奶能量（12.8%±0.3%）处于阔鼻猴（19.3%-23.2%）和人科（8.9%-12.6%）灵长类动物之间，与其相对生长率也处于中间水平一致。与这些长尾猴相比，阔鼻猴的相对生长率和蛋白质来源的奶能量都更高，而类人猿则往往更低。
