Ostermann David J, Currie Robert W
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada.
J Econ Entomol. 2004 Oct;97(5):1500-8. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-97.5.1500.
The interaction between the effects of varroa, Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, and formic acid treatments on colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., were examined in two field experiments. In experiment 1, colonies with low varroa levels were exposed to two different slow-release formulations and compared with untreated colonies. In experiment 2, colonies inoculated with varroa and uninoculated colonies were exposed to a slow-release formulation, a pour-on formulation, or were left untreated. The effects of treatments, hive temperature, and hive relative humidity on formic acid concentration in hive air also were examined. Slow-release formic acid application improved colony development in colonies that had been inoculated with varroa. However, in uninoculated colonies where the mean abundance of varroa was low, slow-release formic acid application suppressed colony development. The pour-on application did not have a negative impact on worker population growth in uninoculated colonies, but also it was not as effective as the slow-release treatment in improving population growth in varroa-inoculated colonies. Equivalent volumes of acid applied in pour-on and slow-release formulations provided the same cumulative dose in hive air but differed in the daily pattern of formic acid release. Colonies that were not inoculated with varroa had higher concentrations of formic acid in hive air than colonies that were inoculated with varroa on three of the five pour-on application dates. The data suggest that reductions in worker population and/or activity caused by varroa can interact with ambient conditions to affect the volatilization or sorption of formic acid in the hive.
在两项田间试验中，研究了狄斯瓦螨（Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman）的影响与甲酸处理对意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）蜂群的相互作用。在试验1中，将狄斯瓦螨水平较低的蜂群暴露于两种不同的缓释制剂，并与未处理的蜂群进行比较。在试验2中，将接种了狄斯瓦螨的蜂群和未接种的蜂群暴露于一种缓释制剂、一种泼浇制剂，或不进行处理。还研究了处理、蜂巢温度和蜂巢相对湿度对蜂巢空气中甲酸浓度的影响。施用缓释甲酸可改善接种了狄斯瓦螨的蜂群的发育。然而，在未接种且狄斯瓦螨平均数量较低的蜂群中，施用缓释甲酸会抑制蜂群发育。泼浇制剂对未接种蜂群的工蜂数量增长没有负面影响，但在改善接种了狄斯瓦螨的蜂群的数量增长方面，其效果不如缓释处理。泼浇制剂和缓释制剂施用等量的酸在蜂巢空气中提供相同的累积剂量，但甲酸释放的每日模式不同。在五个泼浇制剂施用日期中的三个日期，未接种狄斯瓦螨的蜂群蜂巢空气中的甲酸浓度高于接种了狄斯瓦螨的蜂群。数据表明，狄斯瓦螨导致的工蜂数量减少和/或活动减少可与环境条件相互作用，影响蜂巢中甲酸的挥发或吸附。
