Calderone N W
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2000 Aug;93(4):1065-75. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.4.1065.
New formulations of formic acid and thymol, both individually and in combination with various essential oils, were compared with Apistan to determine their efficacy as fall treatments for control of Varroa jacobsoni (Oudemans), a parasitic mite of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Percent mite mortality in colonies treated with 300 ml of 65% formic acid averaged 94.2 +/- 1.41% (least square means +/- SE, n = 24), equivalent to those receiving four, 10% strips of Apistan (92.6 +/- 1.79%, n = 6). Treatment with thymol (n = 24) resulted in an average mite mortality of 75.4 +/- 5.79%, significantly less than that attained with Apistan or formic acid. The addition of essential oils did not affect treatment efficacy of either formic acid or thymol. The ratio of the coefficients of variation for percentage mortality for the formic acid (CVFA) and Apistan (CVA) groups was CVFA/CVA = 0.66. This indicates that the formic acid treatment was as consistent as the Apistan treatment. Thymol treatments did not provide as consistent results as Apistan or formic acid. Coefficient variation ratios for percentage mortality for the thymol group (CVT) with the Apistan and formic acid groups were CVT/CVA = 4.47 and CVT/CVFA = 6.76, respectively. In a second experiment, colonies received a 4-wk fall treatment of either 300 ml of 65% formic acid (n = 24) or four, 10% strips of Apistan (n = 6). The next spring, mite levels in the formic acid group (554.3 +/- 150.20 mites) were similar to those in the Apistan treatment group (571.3 +/- 145.05 mites) (P = 0.93). Additionally, the quantities of bees, brood, pollen, and nectar/honey in the two treatment groups were not significantly different (P > or = 0.50 each variable). These results suggest that formic acid is an effective alternative to Apistan as a fall treatment for varroa mites in temperate climates.
对甲酸和百里香酚的新配方（单独使用以及与各种精油组合使用）与螨扑进行了比较，以确定它们作为秋季治疗手段控制雅氏瓦螨（Oudemans）的效果，雅氏瓦螨是蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）的一种寄生螨。用300毫升65%的甲酸处理的蜂群中螨的平均死亡率为94.2±1.41%（最小二乘均值±标准误，n = 24），与接受四条10%螨扑条带处理的蜂群（92.6±1.79%，n = 6）相当。用百里香酚处理（n = 24）导致螨的平均死亡率为75.4±5.79%，显著低于用螨扑或甲酸处理所达到的死亡率。添加精油并未影响甲酸或百里香酚的治疗效果。甲酸组（CVFA）和螨扑组（CVA）死亡率百分比的变异系数之比为CVFA/CVA = 0.66。这表明甲酸处理与螨扑处理一样稳定。百里香酚处理的结果不如螨扑或甲酸处理稳定。百里香酚组（CVT）与螨扑组和甲酸组死亡率百分比的变异系数之比分别为CVT/CVA = 4.47和CVT/CVFA = 6.76。在第二个实验中，蜂群接受了为期4周的秋季处理，要么用300毫升65%的甲酸（n = 24），要么用四条10%的螨扑条带（n = 6）。次年春天，甲酸组的螨数量（554.3±150.20只螨）与螨扑处理组（571.3±145.05只螨）相似（P = 0.93）。此外，两个处理组中的蜜蜂、幼虫、花粉以及花蜜/蜂蜜的数量没有显著差异（每个变量P≥0.50）。这些结果表明，在温带气候下，甲酸作为秋季治疗瓦螨的手段是螨扑的有效替代品。
