Ashley David V M, Walters Christine, Dockery-Brown Cheryl, McNab André, Ashley Deanna E C
Health and Tourism, Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica.
J Travel Med. 2004 Nov-Dec;11(6):364-7. doi: 10.2310/7060.2004.19205.
In 1996 a study found that approximately one in four tourists to Jamaica were affected with traveler's diarrhea (TD) during their stay. That year the Ministry of Health initiated a program for the prevention and control of TD. The aim of this ongoing program was to reduce attack rates of TD from 25% to 12% over a 5-year period by improving the environmental health and food safety standards of hotels.
Hotel-based surveillance procedures for TD were implemented in sentinel hotels in Negril and Montego Bay in 1996, Ocho Rios in 1997, and Kingston in 1999. A structured program provided training and technical assistance to nurses, food and beverage staff, and environmental sanitation personnel in the implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point principles for monitoring food safety standards. The impact of interventions on TD was assessed in a survey of tourists departing from the international airport in Montego Bay in 1997-1998 and from the international airport in Kingston in 1999-2000. The impact of the training and technical assistance program on food safety standards and practices was assessed in hotels in Ocho Rios as of 1998 and in Kingston from 1999.
At the end of May 2002, TD incidence rates were 72% lower than in 1996, when the Ministry of Health initiated its program for the prevention and control of TD. Both hotel surveillance data and airport surveillance data suggest that the vast majority of travelers to Kingston and southern regions are not afflicted with TD during their stay. The training and technical assistance program improved compliance to food safety standards over time.
Interventions to prevent and control TD in visitors to Jamaica are positively associated with a reduction in TD in the visitor population and improvements in food safety standards and practices in hotels.
1996年的一项研究发现，前往牙买加的游客中约有四分之一在逗留期间感染了旅行者腹泻（TD）。同年，卫生部启动了一项预防和控制旅行者腹泻的计划。这项正在进行的计划的目标是通过提高酒店的环境卫生和食品安全标准，在5年内将旅行者腹泻的发病率从25%降至12%。
1996年在尼格瑞尔和蒙特哥贝的定点酒店实施了基于酒店的旅行者腹泻监测程序，1997年在奥乔里奥斯实施，1999年在金斯敦实施。一个结构化的项目为护士、餐饮工作人员和环境卫生人员提供培训和技术援助，以实施危害分析关键控制点原则来监测食品安全标准。1997 - 1998年对从蒙特哥贝国际机场出发的游客以及1999 - 2000年对从金斯敦国际机场出发的游客进行调查，评估干预措施对旅行者腹泻的影响。1998年对奥乔里奥斯的酒店以及1999年起对金斯敦的酒店评估培训和技术援助项目对食品安全标准和做法的影响。
到2002年5月底，旅行者腹泻发病率比1996年卫生部启动预防和控制旅行者腹泻计划时降低了72%。酒店监测数据和机场监测数据均表明，前往金斯敦和南部地区的绝大多数旅行者在逗留期间未感染旅行者腹泻。随着时间的推移，培训和技术援助项目提高了对食品安全标准的遵守情况。
牙买加针对游客预防和控制旅行者腹泻的干预措施与游客中旅行者腹泻发病率的降低以及酒店食品安全标准和做法的改善呈正相关。
