Roth Thomas
Henry Ford Hospital Sleep Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 16:8-11.
Although sleep appears to simply be a body and mind at rest, it is actually a dynamic and complex physiologic state that is necessary for survival. Normal sleep is characterized by behavioral and physiologic changes as well as 2 distinct sleep states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM). Throughout the course of a night, people cycle between NREM and REM sleep via an ultradian rhythm, with most of sleep spent in NREM. Determinants involved in the regulation of sleep are the homeostatic and circadian processes. Despite being highly regulated, sleep is fragile, and its stages and duration may be affected by multiple factors, such as age, drugs, temperature, and medical and psychiatric disease. Variations in nighttime sleep impact subsequent sleep periods as well as daytime function.
尽管睡眠看似只是身体和大脑处于休息状态，但实际上它是一种动态且复杂的生理状态，是生存所必需的。正常睡眠的特征包括行为和生理变化以及两种不同的睡眠状态，即快速眼动（REM）睡眠和非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠。在一个夜晚的过程中，人们通过超日节律在NREM睡眠和REM睡眠之间循环，大部分睡眠时间处于NREM睡眠。参与睡眠调节的决定因素是稳态和昼夜节律过程。尽管睡眠受到高度调节，但它很脆弱，其阶段和持续时间可能受到多种因素的影响，如年龄、药物、温度以及医学和精神疾病。夜间睡眠的变化会影响随后的睡眠时段以及白天的功能。
