Westengen Ola T, Huamán Zósimo, Heun Manfred
Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Agricultural University of Norway, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Aas, Norway.
Theor Appl Genet. 2005 Jan;110(2):392-402. doi: 10.1007/s00122-004-1850-2. Epub 2004 Dec 4.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting was applied to survey the genetic diversity of primitive South American Gossypium barbadense cotton for establishing a possible link to its pre-Columbian expansion. New germplasm was collected along coastal Peru and over an Andean transect in areas where most of the archaeological evidence relating to cotton domestication has been recorded. Gene bank material of three diploid (G. raimondii, G. arboreum, and G. herbaceum) and four allotetraploid cotton species (G. hirsutum, G. mustelinum, G. tomentosum and additional G. barbadense) was added for inter- and intra-specific comparison. Eight primer combinations yielded 340 polymorphic bands among the 131 accessions. The obtained neighbor joining and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means are in full agreement with the known cytogenetics of the tetraploid cottons and their diploid genome donors. The four tetraploid species are clearly distinct based on taxonomic classification. The genetic diversity within G. barbadense reveals geographic patterns. The locally maintained cottons from coastal Peru display a distinct genetic diversity that mirrors their primitive agro-morphological traits. Accessions from the northernmost coast of Peru and from southwestern (SW) Ecuador cluster basal to the east-of-Andes accessions. The remaining accessions from Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, Venezuela, and the Caribbean and Pacific islands cluster with the east-of-Andes accessions. Northwestern Peru/SW Ecuador (the area flanking the Guayaquil gulf) appears to be the center of the primitive domesticated G. barbadense cotton from where it spread over the Andes and expanded into its pre-Columbian range.
扩增片段长度多态性指纹图谱技术被用于调查南美洲原始的海岛棉的遗传多样性，以建立其与前哥伦布时期扩张之间可能存在的联系。在秘鲁沿海以及安第斯山脉沿线的区域收集了新的种质资源，这些区域记录了大部分与棉花驯化相关的考古证据。添加了三种二倍体（雷蒙德氏棉、亚洲棉和草棉）和四种异源四倍体棉花品种（陆地棉、莫斯特里棉、海岛棉以及其他海岛棉）的基因库材料，用于种间和种内比较。八种引物组合在131份材料中产生了340条多态性条带。所得的邻接法和算术平均非加权配对组法与四倍体棉花及其二倍体基因组供体的已知细胞遗传学完全一致。基于分类学分类，这四个四倍体物种明显不同。海岛棉内部的遗传多样性呈现出地理格局。秘鲁沿海当地保存的棉花表现出独特的遗传多样性，反映了它们原始的农艺形态特征。来自秘鲁最北部海岸和厄瓜多尔西南部的材料聚集在安第斯山脉以东材料的基部。来自玻利维亚、巴西、哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉以及加勒比和太平洋岛屿的其余材料与安第斯山脉以东的材料聚类。秘鲁西北部/厄瓜多尔西南部（瓜亚基尔湾两侧的区域）似乎是原始驯化海岛棉的中心，它从这里扩散到安第斯山脉，并扩展到其前哥伦布时期的分布范围。
