Sohn Myeong-Ho, Anderson John R, Reder Lynne M, Goode Adam
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2004 Aug;11(4):729-34. doi: 10.3758/bf03196627.
As people study more facts about a concept, it takes longer to retrieve a particular fact about that concept. This fan effect (Anderson, 1974) has been attributed to competition among associations to a concept. Alternatively, the mental-model theory (Radvansky & Zacks, 1991) suggests that the fan effect disappears when the related concepts are organized into a single mental model. In the present study, attentional focus was manipulated to affect the mental model to be constructed. One group of participants focused on the person dimension of person-location pairs, whereas the other group focused on the location dimension. The result showed that the fan effect with the focused dimension was greater than the fan effect with the nonfocused dimension, which is contrary to the mental-model theory. The number of associations with a concept is indeed crucial during retrieval, and the importance of the information seems to be accentuated with attentional focus.
随着人们对一个概念研究的事实增多，检索关于该概念的特定事实所需的时间就会变长。这种扇形效应（安德森，1974年）被归因于与一个概念相关联之间的竞争。另外，心理模型理论（拉德万斯基和扎克斯，1991年）表明，当相关概念被组织成一个单一的心理模型时，扇形效应就会消失。在本研究中，注意力焦点被操控以影响要构建的心理模型。一组参与者关注人物 - 地点对中的人物维度，而另一组关注地点维度。结果表明，聚焦维度的扇形效应大于非聚焦维度的扇形效应，这与心理模型理论相反。在检索过程中，与一个概念相关联的数量确实至关重要，而且信息的重要性似乎会因注意力焦点而得到强化。
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