远离挥鞭伤。一项关于挥鞭伤撞击中头部旋转的肌电图研究。
Turning away from whiplash. An EMG study of head rotation in whiplash impact.
作者信息
Kumar Shrawan, Ferrari Robert, Narayan Yogesh
机构信息
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-75 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2G4.
出版信息
J Orthop Res. 2005 Jan;23(1):224-30. doi: 10.1016/j.orthres.2004.05.010.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the response of the cervical muscles to whiplash-type perturbations through low-velocity frontal impacts when the head is rotated to the right and left.
METHODS
Twenty healthy volunteers were subjected to increasing acceleration in low-velocity frontal impacts, randomly with head rotated either left or right. Bilateral EMG of the sternocleidomastoids, trapezii, and splenii capitis and acceleration of the sled, torso, and head were recorded.
RESULTS
With either direction of head rotation at the time of impact, the muscle responses increased with increasing levels of acceleration (p < 0.01). The time to onset and peak electromyogram for all muscles progressively decreased with increasing levels of acceleration. With the head rotated to the left, the left trapezius generated 77% of its maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) EMG (more than double the response of other muscles). In comparison, the right trapezius generated only 33% of its MVC. The right sternocleidomastoid (25%) and left splenius muscles (32%), the ones responsible for head rotation to the left, were more active than their counterparts (the left sternocleidomastoid generated only 5% of its MVC EMG and the right splenius 9%). On the other hand, with the head rotated to the right, the right trapezius generated 71% of its MVC EMG, while the left trapezius generated only 30% of this value. Again, the left sternocleidomastoid (27% of its MVC EMG) and right splenius (28% of its MVC EMG), being responsible for head rotation to the right, were more active than their counterparts (the right sternocleidomastoid generated only 4% of its MVC EMG and the left splenius 13%).
CONCLUSIONS
Frontal impacts tend to generate the most muscle activity in the ipsilateral trapezius muscle, increasing the risk of their injury.
目的
确定当头向左右旋转时，颈部肌肉对低速正面撞击所致鞭打样扰动的反应。
方法
20名健康志愿者在低速正面撞击中接受逐渐增加的加速度，头部随机向左或向右旋转。记录双侧胸锁乳突肌、斜方肌和头夹肌的肌电图以及雪橇、躯干和头部的加速度。
结果
撞击时无论头部向哪个方向旋转，肌肉反应均随加速度水平的增加而增强（p < 0.01）。所有肌肉的肌电图起始时间和峰值均随加速度水平的增加而逐渐缩短。当头向左旋转时，左侧斜方肌产生其最大自主收缩（MVC）肌电图的77%（比其他肌肉的反应多两倍以上）。相比之下，右侧斜方肌仅产生其MVC的33%。负责头部向左旋转的右侧胸锁乳突肌（25%）和左侧头夹肌（32%）比其对应肌肉更活跃（左侧胸锁乳突肌仅产生其MVC肌电图的5%，右侧头夹肌为9%）。另一方面，当头向右旋转时，右侧斜方肌产生其MVC肌电图的71%，而左侧斜方肌仅产生该值的30%。同样，负责头部向右旋转的左侧胸锁乳突肌（其MVC肌电图的27%）和右侧头夹肌（其MVC肌电图的28%）比其对应肌肉更活跃（右侧胸锁乳突肌仅产生其MVC肌电图的4%，左侧头夹肌为13%）。
结论
正面撞击往往会使同侧斜方肌产生最大的肌肉活动，增加其受伤风险。
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