Maddux J F, Desmond D P
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7792.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1992;18(1):63-74. doi: 10.3109/00952999209001612.
While maintained on methadone, heroin users reduce their heroin use and related criminal activity and increase their legitimate employment. These benefits are obtained at the cost of continued opioid dependence. Furthermore, as a consequence of neural adaptation and conditioning, methadone maintenance may impede eventual recovery from opioid dependence. The authors attempt to assess such a possible effect by comparing long-term outcomes after methadone maintenance with those after drug-free treatment. In five long-term follow-up studies of methadone maintenance, the percentages found voluntarily abstinent ranged from 9 to 21. In six long-term follow-up studies of drug-free treatment, the percentages found voluntarily abstinent ranged from 10 to 19. These rates seem remarkably similar. They do not suggest that methadone maintenance impedes eventual recovery from opioid dependence, but they do not clearly exclude such an effect.
在维持美沙酮治疗期间，海洛因使用者减少了海洛因使用量及相关犯罪活动，并增加了合法就业。这些益处是以持续的阿片类药物依赖为代价获得的。此外，由于神经适应和条件作用，美沙酮维持治疗可能会阻碍最终从阿片类药物依赖中康复。作者试图通过比较美沙酮维持治疗后的长期结果与戒毒治疗后的长期结果来评估这种可能的影响。在五项美沙酮维持治疗的长期随访研究中，自愿戒断的比例在9%至21%之间。在六项戒毒治疗的长期随访研究中，自愿戒断的比例在10%至19%之间。这些比率似乎非常相似。它们并未表明美沙酮维持治疗会阻碍最终从阿片类药物依赖中康复，但也没有明确排除这种影响。
