Werry Tim D, Sexton Patrick M, Christopoulos Arthur
Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jan-Feb;16(1):26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2004.11.008.
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are important members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and have emerged as key effector targets of activation by seven-transmembrane-spanning (G-protein-coupled) receptors (7TMRs). Regulation of ERK by 7TMRs is highly complex and dependent on cell type. Numerous studies have linked specific G protein pathways to ERK activation, but recent evidence suggests that some 7TMR-linked ERK signalling pathways might not be exclusively mediated by G proteins. In addition, the emergence of an "inside-out" model for receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) "transactivation" by 7TMRs has enhanced our understanding of the ERK signalling system and further underscores the complexity of mitogenic regulation by 7TMRs.
细胞外信号调节激酶1和2（ERK1/2）是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）家族的重要成员，已成为七跨膜（G蛋白偶联）受体（7TMR）激活的关键效应靶点。7TMR对ERK的调节高度复杂且依赖于细胞类型。众多研究已将特定的G蛋白途径与ERK激活联系起来，但最近的证据表明，一些与7TMR相关的ERK信号通路可能并非完全由G蛋白介导。此外，7TMR对受体酪氨酸激酶（RTK）“反式激活”的“由内而外”模型的出现，加深了我们对ERK信号系统的理解，并进一步突显了7TMR对有丝分裂调节的复杂性。
