Med Mal Infect. 2004 Aug-Sep;34(8-9):404-10.
The transmission of tuberculosis is human-to-human, mainly airborne through infected aerosols released by a contagious patient. HIV patients are at high risk of developing tuberculosis by reactivation of an old infection or through the rapid evolution of a recent infection acquired by contact with a contagious patient. The contagious patients are those with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis. The risk of contagiousness must be considered high in the presence of BAAR on direct microscopic examination of sputum or gastric fluid, which proves a large inoculum. Respiratory precautions or respiratory isolation are easy to implement. They must be prescribed.
结核病的传播是人与人之间的，主要通过传染性患者释放的受感染气溶胶经空气传播。艾滋病病毒感染者因旧感染的重新激活或通过与传染性患者接触而新近感染的快速演变，患结核病的风险很高。传染性患者是患有肺结核或喉结核的人。如果在痰液或胃液的直接显微镜检查中发现耐多药菌，表明接种量大，则必须认为传染性风险很高。呼吸道预防措施或呼吸道隔离很容易实施。必须开具相应医嘱。
