Goldstein E J
R.M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica Hospital Medical Center, California.
Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Mar;14(3):633-8. doi: 10.1093/clinids/14.3.633.
One of every two Americans will be bitten by an animal or by another person at some point. Bites account for approximately 1% of all visits to emergency rooms; injuries inflicted by dogs are most common. The bacteria involved in infection of bite wounds include Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and other members of the oral flora. Anaerobic bacteria are present in approximately one-third of bite wounds and are associated with the formation of abscesses and with relatively serious infections. P. multocida is found in infections of cat bites more than 50% of the time. The bacteriology of bite wounds inflicted by exotic animals reflects the animals' oral flora. Bites inflicted by humans are often more serious than those inflicted by animals. Infections of human bites are associated with alpha-hemolytic streptococci, S. aureus, Eikenella corrodens, Haemophilus species, and (in more than 50% of cases) anaerobic bacteria. The principles of management of bite wounds are discussed.
每两个美国人中就有一人会在某个时候被动物或他人咬伤。咬伤约占所有急诊室就诊病例的1%；狗造成的伤害最为常见。咬伤伤口感染所涉及的细菌包括多杀巴斯德菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、中间葡萄球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、犬咬二氧化碳嗜纤维菌以及口腔菌群的其他成员。约三分之一的咬伤伤口存在厌氧菌，它们与脓肿形成及相对严重的感染有关。超过50%的猫咬伤感染中能发现多杀巴斯德菌。外来动物造成的咬伤伤口的细菌学反映了这些动物的口腔菌群。人类造成的咬伤通常比动物造成的咬伤更严重。人类咬伤感染与甲型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、腐蚀埃肯菌、嗜血杆菌属以及（超过50%的病例中）厌氧菌有关。本文讨论了咬伤伤口的处理原则。
