Arnold Oliver, Voracek Martin, Musalek Michael, Springer-Kremser Marianne
First Department of Psychiatry, Otto Wagner Spital, Vienna, Austria.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2004 Nov 30;116(21-22):730-6. doi: 10.1007/s00508-004-0261-3.
The attitudes of health-care professionals and medical students towards male and female homosexuality are of practical relevance and have increasingly become a topic of scientific research. Comparative investigations between medical students and other student groups have not yet been conducted.
To assess the attitudes of Austrian medical students towards homosexuality and to compare these with the attitudes of students of politics and veterinary medicine.
Students of medicine (122), politics (145), and veterinary medicine (153) completed a questionnaire consisting of validated instruments assessing anti-homosexual attitudes, items assessing knowledge on homosexual issues, and basic demographic information.
Participants' attitudes were predominantly positive. For all instruments, two-way analyses of covariance revealed significant influences of participants' sex and study major: students of medicine and veterinary medicine held more negative attitudes than students of politics, and males were more prejudiced than females. Overall, attitudes towards male and female homosexuality were balanced, but male students of politics and veterinary medicine were more prejudiced towards male than female homosexuality. A significant influence of participants' sex (favoring females) was observed in knowledge of homosexual issues.
Although neutrality and empathy are considered vital in the doctor-patient relationship, medical students revealed more negative attitudes than students of politics did, the latter's attitudes being similar to those of students of veterinary medicine. These findings suggest that educational and correcting interventions are required in medical training.
医疗保健专业人员和医学生对男性和女性同性恋的态度具有实际意义，并且越来越成为科学研究的一个话题。尚未对医学生与其他学生群体进行比较调查。
评估奥地利医学生对同性恋的态度，并将其与政治学和兽医学专业学生的态度进行比较。
医学专业学生（122名）、政治学专业学生（145名）和兽医学专业学生（153名）完成了一份问卷，该问卷由评估反同性恋态度的有效工具、评估同性恋问题知识的项目以及基本人口统计学信息组成。
参与者的态度主要是积极的。对于所有工具，双向协方差分析显示参与者的性别和专业有显著影响：医学和兽医学专业的学生比政治学专业的学生持有更消极的态度，男性比女性更有偏见。总体而言，对男性和女性同性恋的态度是平衡的，但政治学和兽医学专业的男学生对男性同性恋比女性同性恋更有偏见。在同性恋问题知识方面观察到参与者性别的显著影响（女性更有优势）。
尽管中立和同理心在医患关系中被认为至关重要，但医学生表现出比政治学专业学生更消极的态度，政治学专业学生的态度与兽医学专业学生的态度相似。这些发现表明，医学培训需要教育和纠正干预措施。
