Steinberg Holger
Wurzbg Medizinhist Mitt. 2004;23:270-312.
The University of Leipzig boasts a long tradition in the field of psychiatry. In 1811 Johann Christian August Heinroth was appointed as the first professor of mental health ("psychic therapy") in Europe. He conceived mental illness as based on a person's own guilt, as the consequence of turning away from God and living a life untrue to Christian ethics. After Heinroth retired in 1843 the Leipzig chair remained vacant until 1878 brain researcher Paul Flechsig succeeded him as professor of psychiatry, although not significantly contributing to the progress of this subject. His first assistant was Emil Kraepelin. Flechsig's successors, Oswald Bumke and Paul Schroder, included psychological as well as sociogenetic topics in their research. The latter did pioneering work for the institutionalization of child and adolescent psychiatry. The history of Leipzig psychiatry during the Nazi years has not yet been researched in depth. So far, however, no evidence has been found to prove the university hospital's involvement in German psychiatry's excruciating crimes on patients. It is true, however, that as elsewhere doctors of the Leipzig hospital were members of the Courts of Hereditary Health (Erbgesundheitsgericht) and that e.g. August Bostroem knew of the homicides. In 1943, during the directorship of Werner Wagner, the hospital was totally destroyed. Its reconstruction was mainly the work of Richard Arwed Pfeifer, who also made remarkable contributions to the study of the angiostructure of the brain. With Dietfried Muller-Hegemann, who had a major influence of East-German psychotherapy, the social psychiatric era began, and it was successfully continued under Berhard Schwarz, Klaus Weise and the hospital's present head, Matthias C. Angermeyer, Weise's theoretical and philosophical achievements in the foundation and his demand for an empirical verification of social psychiatric ideas in the whole of Germany are acknowledged until the present day. Last but no least it was him who from 1975 on first tried to implement these concepts into practice in Leipzig.
莱比锡大学在精神病学领域有着悠久的传统。1811年，约翰·克里斯蒂安·奥古斯特·海因罗特被任命为欧洲第一位心理健康（“心理治疗”）教授。他认为精神疾病基于一个人自身的罪责，是背离上帝、违背基督教伦理生活的结果。1843年海因罗特退休后，莱比锡的这一职位一直空缺，直到1878年脑研究专家保罗·弗莱希格继任精神病学教授，不过他对该学科的发展贡献不大。他的第一助手是埃米尔·克雷佩林。弗莱希格的继任者奥斯瓦尔德·邦克和保罗·施罗德在研究中纳入了心理学以及社会成因方面的课题。后者为儿童和青少年精神病学的制度化做了开创性工作。纳粹时期莱比锡精神病学的历史尚未得到深入研究。然而，到目前为止，尚未发现证据证明该大学医院参与了德国精神病学对患者犯下的极其残忍的罪行。不过，莱比锡医院的医生确实像其他地方的医生一样，是遗传健康法庭的成员，比如奥古斯特·博斯特罗姆就知晓那些杀人事件。1943年，在维尔纳·瓦格纳担任院长期间，医院被完全摧毁。其重建主要是理查德·阿韦德·普费弗的工作，他在脑血管结构研究方面也做出了卓越贡献。随着对东德心理治疗有重大影响的迪特弗里德·米勒 - 黑格曼的到来，社会精神病学时代开启，并在伯恩哈德·施瓦茨、克劳斯·魏泽以及医院现任院长马蒂亚斯·C·安格迈尔的领导下得以成功延续。魏泽在基础理论和哲学方面的成就以及他在全德国对社会精神病学理念进行实证验证的要求至今仍得到认可。最后但同样重要的是，正是他从1975年起首次尝试在莱比锡将这些理念付诸实践。
