Leris Clare, Mokbel Kefah
St. George's Hospital, London, UK.
Int J Fertil Womens Med. 2004 Sep-Oct;49(5):200-2.
Mammary ductoscopy (MD) allows direct visualization of the mammary ducts using sub-millimetre fiberoptic microendoscopes inserted through the ductal opening onto the nipple surface. MD is a useful diagnostic adjunct in patients with pathological nipple discharge (PND). Furthermore it can reduce the number and extent of duct excision operations for PND. However its potential use in the early detection of breast cancer, guiding breast conserving surgery (BCS) for cancer, therapeutic ablation of intraductal disease, and guiding risk-reducing strategies among high risk women requires further research and evaluation. Future developments include the development of a biopsy kit, combining MD with molecular diagnostic markers and real-time optical biopsy system for the diagnosis of premalignant and early malignant disease and radiofrequency for curative ablation of intraductal lesions.
乳腺导管镜检查（MD）可通过将亚毫米级光纤微型内窥镜经乳头表面的导管开口插入，直接观察乳腺导管。MD对于病理性乳头溢液（PND）患者是一种有用的辅助诊断方法。此外，它可以减少PND患者的导管切除手术数量和范围。然而，其在乳腺癌早期检测、指导乳腺癌保乳手术（BCS）、导管内疾病的治疗性消融以及指导高危女性的风险降低策略方面的潜在应用需要进一步研究和评估。未来的发展包括开发活检套件，将MD与分子诊断标志物以及用于诊断癌前病变和早期恶性疾病的实时光学活检系统相结合，以及用于导管内病变根治性消融的射频技术。
