Escobar Pedro F, Crowe Joseph P, Matsunaga Tadaharu, Mokbel Kefah
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Am J Surg. 2006 Feb;191(2):211-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.04.020.
Mammary ductoscopy (MD) is a newly developed endoscopic technique that allows direct visualization and biopsy examination of the mammary ductal epithelium where most cancers originate. The procedure can be performed under local anesthesia in the office setting. This article reviews the rationale, current clinical applications, and limitations of MD.
A literature search was performed using Pubmed for indexed articles published over the past 30 years using the key words "mammary ductoscopy," "breast ductoscopy," "ductal lavage," and "nipple aspiration." The most important articles were analyzed and discussed.
MD is a useful diagnostic adjunct in patients with pathologic nipple discharge. Furthermore, it can reduce the number and extent of duct excision surgeries for pathologic nipple discharge. There is a clear need to design prospective clinical trials that evaluate the potential role of MD in breast cancer screening, guiding risk-reducing strategies, and as an adjunct to breast-conservation surgery.
MD is useful in the management of PND, but its potential role in the early detection or management of breast cancer requires further investigation.
乳腺导管镜检查（MD）是一种新开发的内镜技术，可直接观察和活检大多数癌症起源的乳腺导管上皮。该操作可在门诊局部麻醉下进行。本文综述了MD的原理、当前临床应用及局限性。
使用Pubmed对过去30年发表的索引文章进行文献检索，关键词为“乳腺导管镜检查”“乳腺导管镜”“导管灌洗”和“乳头抽吸”。对最重要的文章进行了分析和讨论。
MD对病理性乳头溢液患者是一种有用的诊断辅助手段。此外，它可以减少病理性乳头溢液的导管切除手术的数量和范围。显然需要设计前瞻性临床试验来评估MD在乳腺癌筛查、指导降低风险策略以及作为保乳手术辅助手段方面的潜在作用。
MD在病理性乳头溢液的管理中有用，但其在乳腺癌早期检测或管理中的潜在作用需要进一步研究。
